Extracorporeal Photopheresis: An Efficacious and Well-Tolerated Treatment for Cutaneous and Oral Mucosal Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a second-line therapy for steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Objective: We describe the long-term efficacy and tolerability of ECP according to the cutaneous phenotype of cGVHD and report on the reduced need for immunosuppressant drugs in this setting. Patients and Methods: Fourteen patients (8 females) with cutaneous and/or mucosal cGVHD, treated with ECP between October 2010 and May 2016 within a single center, were included. Final analyses included patients who had received ECP for at least 12 months. We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of ECP using lesion-specific clinical scores and by recording changed doses of systemic immunosuppressants. Results: Of the 14 patients, sclerotic skin lesions were present in 10 (71%). The mRODNAN score decreased in all patients from month 9 onwards, with 40 and 77% reductions at 12 and 36 months, respectively. Six patients (43%) presented with cutaneous lichenoid lesions: this score was reduced in all patients by month 3, reaching a 93% reduction by month 12. Five patients (36%) experienced oral mucosal lichenoid lesions: these scores were decreased by 55% at month 12 and by 100% by month 33. The use of systemic immunosuppressants was reduced in all patients; 4 patients could stop all immunosuppressant drugs after 2 years. ECP was stopped in 3 patients after a complete response. No major ECP-associated adverse effects were observed. Discussion and Conclusion: ECP was an effective long-term therapy for oral and cutaneous cGVHD: consequently, dose levels of therapeutic immunosuppression could be reduced.
Dermatology

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