Abstract Introduction: The course of the infraorbital canal may leave the infraorbital nerve susceptible to injury during reconstructive and endoscopic surgery, particularly when surgically manipulating the roof of the maxillary sinus. Objective: We investigated both the morphometry and variations of the infraorbital canal with the aim to show the relationship between them relative to endoscopic approaches. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on paranasal multidetector computed tomography images of 200 patients. Results: The infraorbital canal corpus types were categorized as Type 1: within the maxillary bony roof (55.3%), Type 2: partially protruding into maxillary sinus (26.7%), Type 3: within the maxillary sinus (9.5%), Type 4: located anatomically at the outer limit of the zygomatic recess of the maxillary bone (8.5%). The internal angulation and the length of the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital foramen entry angles and the distances related to the infraorbital foramen localization were measured and their relationships with the infraorbital canal variations were analyzed. We reported that the internal angulations in both sagittal and axial sections were mostly found in infraorbital canal Type 1 and 4 (69.2%, 64.7%) but, there were commonly no angulation in Type 3 (68.4%) (p < 0.001). The length of the infraorbital canal and the distances from the infraorbital foramen to the infraorbital rim and piriform aperture was measured as the longest in Type 3 and the smallest in Type 1 (p < 0.001). The sagittal infraorbital foramen entry angles were detected significantly smaller in Type 3 and larger in Type 1 than that in other types (p = 0.003). The maxillary sinus septa and the Haller cell were observed in 28% and 16% of the images, respectively. Conclusion: Precise knowledge of the infraorbital canal corpus types and relationship with the morphometry allow surgeons to choose an appropriate surgical approach to avoid iatrogenic infraorbital nerve injury.
Resumo: Introdução: O trajeto do canal infraorbitário pode predispor o nervo infraorbitário a lesões durante cirurgias reconstrutoras e endoscópicas com manipulação do teto do seio maxilar. Objetivo: Investigamos a morfometria e as variações do canal infraorbitário e objetivamos demonstrar a relação entre elas, visando as abordagens endoscópicas. Método: Este estudo retrospectivo foi realizado em imagens de tomografia computadorizada multidetectora de seios paranasais de 200 pacientes. Resultados: Os tipos de corpos do canal infraorbitário foram categorizados como Tipo 1; inseridos no teto ósseo maxilar (55,3%), Tipo 2; projetando-se parcialmente dentro do seio maxilar (26,7%), Tipo 3; dentro do seio maxilar (9,5%), Tipo 4; localizado anatomicamente no limite externo do recesso zigomático do osso maxilar (8,5%). A angulação interna e o comprimento do canal infraorbitário, os ângulos de entrada do forame infraorbitário e as distâncias relacionadas à localização do forame foram medidos e suas relações com as variações do canal infraorbitário foram analisadas. Observamos que as angulações internas em ambos os cortes sagital e axial foram encontradas em sua maioria em canais infraorbitários Tipo 1 e 4 (69,2%, 64,7%) e, no geral, não houve angulação no canal Tipo 3 (68,4%) (p < 0,001). O comprimento do canal infraorbitário e as distâncias desde o forame infraorbitário até o rebordo infraorbitário e a abertura piriforme foram medidos e os mais longos foram identificadas no Tipo 3 e os mais curtos no Tipo 1 (p < 0,001). Os ângulos de entrada do forame infraorbitário em projeção sagital foram significativamente menores no Tipo 3 e maiores no Tipo 1, em relação aos outros tipos (p = 0,003). Septos nos seios maxilares e as células de Haller foram observados em 28% e 16% das imagens, respectivamente. Conclusão: O conhecimento preciso dos tipos de corpo do canal infraorbitário e a relação com a morfometria permitem que o cirurgião escolha uma abordagem cirúrgica apropriada para evitar lesões iatrogênicas do nervo infraorbitário.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
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- Multicenter prospective study on the use and outco...
- Experimental exposure to gasohol impairs sperm qua...
- Asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement: an indicato...
- The time point of completion thyroidectomy has no ...
- In response to Letter to the Editor regarding: Pri...
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- Optimizing the removal of nitrate from aqueous sol...
- 20th National Voice Campaign
- Treatment of post-intubation laryngeal granulomas:...
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- Behavioural and objective vestibular assessment in...
- BJORL: moving forward, always
- Anatomical terminology of the internal nose and pa...
- Incidence of bifid uvula and its relationship to s...
- Clinicopathologic factors associated with recurren...
- Buccinator myomucosal flap for the treatment of ve...
- Validation of a Portuguese version of the health-r...
- Computed tomography evaluation of the morphometry ...
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- Hashimoto's thyroiditis - an independent risk fact...
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- BRCA1/2 Functional Loss Defines a Targetable Subse...
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- A Biocultural Analysis of Mortuary Practices in th...
- Alternaria‐induced barrier dysfunction of nasal ep...
- Draf IIB with superior septectomy: finding the “mi...
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk...
- Wait times for endoscopic sinus surgery influence ...
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- Pathway based prognostic gene expression profile o...
- A systematic review of validated tools assessing f...
- High‐dose versus standard‐dose radiation therapy f...
- Prospective cross‐sectional study assessing preval...
- Fully convolutional networks in multimodal nonline...
- Local immune parameters as potential predictive ma...
- Effect of serpinE1 overexpression on the primary t...
- Long‐term changes in vocal function after supracri...
- Syphilitic chancre in a man with a self‐implanted ...
- Characterization of head and neck squamous cell ca...
- Ecthyma gangrenosum caused by Klebsiella pneumonia...
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