Particulate matters and gaseous pollutants in indoor environment and Association of ultra-fine particulate matters (PM 1 ) with lung function

Abstract

Real-time particulate matters (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₄, PM₇, PM₁₀, and TSP) with AEROCET 531S (USA), gaseous pollutants (NO₂ and TVOC) with Aeroquel 500 gas sampler (NZ) were measured from the indoor air of houses at four residential locations in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PM₁₀ samples were collected on quartz filters with a dual channel dust sampler (IPM-FDS 2510, India) for selected trace metal determination from five houses of Dhaka. Respiratory function of the occupants was assessed by using a peak expiratory flow meter (Rossmax PF 120). Mean PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations were 46.1 ± 13.4, 76.0 ± 16.2, and 203.9 ± 44.8 μg m⁻³, respectively. Higher enrichment factors of Pb, Zn, and Ni were found for traffic, industrial, and constructional activities. The correlation between indoor and outdoor PM_2.5 (R² = 0.42) and ratios (I/O < 1) suggesting indoor air was effected by outdoor air. The concentration of NO₂ (0.076 ± 0.007 ppm) and TVOC (90.0 ± 46.0 ppm) was found above than other studies. The average total hazard ratio (THR) in Dhaka was 9.06 and has the highest exposure to air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂) in Khilkhet (THR 10.1) residents. A negative association between ultra-fine particles (PM₁) and peak flow rate measurements of the residents living in these houses indicates that inhalations of ultra-fine particles has great influence on the reduced lung efficiency.

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