Early Detection of Acral Melanoma: A Review of Clinical, Dermoscopic, Histopathologic, and Molecular Characteristics

Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Claudia C. Darmawan, Gwanghyun Jo, Sara E. Montenegro, Yoonjin Kwak, Lee Cheol, Kwang Hyun Cho, Je-Ho Mun

Abstract

Acral lentiginous melanoma is a distinct subtype of melanoma on acral skin. Patient presentation at later stages as well as delayed diagnosis by physicians contribute to a worse associated prognosis and survival rate. Despite our progress on understanding the key features of this disease, the diagnosis of early stage acral melanoma is still challenging. It is essential to integrate clinical, dermoscopic, and histological findings in the diagnosis of acral lentiginous melanoma. In addition, molecular studies can be helpful. In this review, we summarized our current understanding of this disease entity from articles that have been published between 1969 and 2018. We outline clinical and dermoscopic features as well as pathologic and molecular findings of acral melanoma and present an algorithm for diagnosis. Understanding and integrating these characteristics may assist clinicians in the early detection of acral melanomas.

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