Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis

Κυριακή 11 Μαρτίου 2018

Differential expression of organic cation transporter 3 in oral submucous fibrosis-associated buccal squamous cell carcinoma.

Differential expression of organic cation transporter 3 in oral submucous fibrosis-associated buccal squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Mar 06;:

Authors: Hu Y, Qian Y, Lin L, Chen W, Yang L, Hu X, Tian K, Xia K, Su T

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)-associated buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and to explore its clinical significance.
STUDY DESIGN: A total of 56 tissue specimens were collected from patients, among which there were 13 specimens with normal buccal mucosa (NBM), 13 with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), 10 with OSF-associated BSCC (BSCC-OSF), 10 with well-differentiated BSCC (BSCC-I), and 10 with poorly to moderately differentiated BSCC (BSCC-II+III), based on pathologic examination. The expression of OCT3 was detected by using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in both the protein and mRNA expression levels of OCT3 among the NBM, OSF, BSCC-OSF, BSCC-I, and BSCC-II+III groups (protein: F = 82.45 [P < .0001]; mRNA: F = 50.69 [P < .0001]). The expression of OCT3 from NBM to OSF to BSCC-OSF was gradually upregulated. In addition, as BSCC became better differentiated, the expression of OCT3 increased.
CONCLUSIONS: The expression of OCT3 was associated with OSF progression and the differentiation of BSCC. OCT3 expression may serve as a molecular marker for the prevention and early diagnosis of OSF and BSCC.

PMID: 29523428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Physiologic distribution of PSMA-ligand in salivary glands and seromucous glands of the head and neck on PET/CT.

Physiologic distribution of PSMA-ligand in salivary glands and seromucous glands of the head and neck on PET/CT.

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Klein Nulent TJW, Valstar MH, de Keizer B, Willems SM, Smit LA, Al-Mamgani A, Smeele LE, van Es RJJ, de Bree R, Vogel WV

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used for detection and (re)staging of prostate cancer. However, healthy salivary, seromucous, and lacrimal glands also have high PSMA-ligand uptake. This study aimed to describe physiologic PSMA-ligand uptake distribution characteristics in the head and neck to aid in PSMA PET/CT interpretation and to identify possible new clinical applications for PSMA-ligand imaging.
STUDY DESIGN: Thirty consecutive patients who underwent PSMA PET/CT for prostate cancer were evaluated. Tracer maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in the salivary, seromucous, and lacrimal glands were determined visually and quantitatively. Overall and intraindividual variations were reported.
RESULTS: All gland locations had increased tracer uptake. The mean SUVmax ± standard deviation varied: parotid 12.3 ± 3.9; submandibular 11.7 ± 3.5; sublingual 4.5 ± 1.9; soft palate 2.4 ± 0.5; pharyngeal wall 4.3 ± 1.3; nasal mucosa 3.4 ± 0.9; supraglottic larynx 2.7 ± 0.7; and lacrimal 6.2 ± 2.2. The parotid had the largest overall variation in SUVmax (5.2-22.9), and the sublingual glands had the largest mean intraindividual difference (18.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: Major and minor salivary and seromucous glands consistently have high PSMA-ligand uptake. Minor gland locations can be selectively visualized by this technique for the first time. This provides potential new applications such as quantification of present salivary gland tissues and individualization of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer or lutetium-177-PSMA radionuclide treatment.

PMID: 29523427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Laparoscopic Versus Open Transverse Colectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Laparoscopic Versus Open Transverse Colectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

World J Surg. 2018 Mar 09;:

Authors: Gavriilidis P, Katsanos K

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The survival benefits, oncological adequacy, effectiveness, and safety of laparoscopic transverse colectomy (LTC) were compared with that of open transverse colectomy (OTC) using a meta-analysis.
METHODS: EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane library, and Google scholar databases were searched for the last 20 years. Meta-analyses were performed using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Five-year disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the inverse variance hazard ratio method.
RESULTS: No survival benefits were detected between the two LTC and OTC cohorts. OTC showed shorter operative time by 38 min compared to LTC [mean difference (MD) = 38(15.23-60.77), p = 0.001]. However, LTC was associated with earlier postoperative recovery. The time to flatus and time to oral intake for LTC were MD = -1.12(-1.68 to -0.55, p = 0.001) and MD = -1.57(-2.38 to -0.76, p = 0.001), respectively. In addition, LTC was associated with a shorter hospital stay by 4.5 days [MD = -4.64(-7.52 to -1.75), p = 0.002].
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to OTC, LTC provides similar survival benefits, earlier postoperative recovery, and shorter hospital stay by 4.5 days.

PMID: 29523909 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A Novel Wound Retractor Combining Continuous Irrigation and Barrier Protection Reduces Incisional Contamination in Colorectal Surgery.

A Novel Wound Retractor Combining Continuous Irrigation and Barrier Protection Reduces Incisional Contamination in Colorectal Surgery.

World J Surg. 2018 Mar 09;:

Authors: Papaconstantinou HT, Ricciardi R, Margolin DA, Bergamaschi R, Moesinger RC, Lichliter WE, Birnbaum EH

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a persistent and morbid problem in colorectal surgery. Key to its pathogenesis is the degree of intraoperative bacterial contamination at the surgical site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel wound retractor at reducing bacterial contamination.
METHODS: A prospective multicenter pilot study utilizing a novel wound retractor combining continuous irrigation and barrier protection was conducted in patients undergoing elective colorectal resections. Culture swabs were collected from the incision edge prior to device placement and from the exposed and protected incision edge prior to device removal. The primary and secondary endpoints were the rate of enteric and overall bacterial contamination on the exposed incision edge as compared to the protected incision edge, respectively. The safety endpoint was the absence of serious device-related adverse events.
RESULTS: A total of 86 patients were eligible for analysis. The novel wound retractor was associated with a 66% reduction in overall bacterial contamination at the protected incision edge compared to the exposed incision edge (11.9 vs. 34.5%, P < 0.001), and 71% reduction in enteric bacterial contamination (9.5% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001). The incisional SSI rate was 2.3% in the primary analysis and 1.2% in those that completed the protocol. There were no adverse events attributed to device use.
CONCLUSIONS: A novel wound retractor combining continuous irrigation and barrier protection was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial contamination. Improved methods to counteract wound contamination represent a promising strategy for SSI prevention (NCT 02413879).

PMID: 29523908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Sulfated Zwitterionic Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) Hydrogels Promote Complete Skin Regeneration

Publication date: Available online 11 March 2018
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Jiang Wu, Zecong Xiao, Anqi Chen, Huacheng He, Chaochao He, Xintao Shuai, Xiaokun Li, Shengfu Chen, Yanxian Zhang, Baiping Ren, Jie Zheng, Jian Xiao
Skin wound healing is a still long-history challenging problem and impeded by the foreign-body reaction including severe inflammation response, poor neovascularization, incomplete re-epithelialization and defective ECM remodeling. Development of biocompatible polymers, in combination with specific drugs or growth factors, has been considered as a promising strategy to treat skin wounds. Significant research efforts have been made to develop poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-based polymers for wound healing, however less efforts has been paid to zwitterionic materials, some of which have demonstrated their super low-fouling property in vitro and anti-inflammatory property in vivo. Here, we synthesized ultra-low-fouling zwitterionic sulfated poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) hydrogels and applied them to full-thickness cutaneous wounds in mice. The healing effects of SBMA hydrogels on the wound closure, re-epithelialization ratio, ECM remodeling, angiogenesis, and macrophage responses during wound healing processes were histologically evaluated by in vivo experiments. Collective results indicate that SBMA hydrogels promote full-thickness excisional acute wound regeneration in mice by enhancing angiogenesis, decreasing inflammation response, and modulating macrophage polarization. Consistently, the incorporation of SBMA into PEG hydrogels also improved the overall wound healing efficiency as compared to pure PEG hydrogels. This work demonstrates zwitterionic SBMA hydrogels as promising wound dressings for treating full-thickness excisional skin wounds.SignificanceDevelopment of highly effective wound regeneration system is practically important for biomedical applications. Here, we synthesized ultra-low-fouling zwitterionic sulfated poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) hydrogels and applied it to full-thickness cutaneous wounds in mice, in comparison with PEG hydrogels as a control. We are the first to examine and reveal the difference between zwitterionic SBMA hydrogels and PEG hydrogels using a full-thickness excisional mice model. Overall, a series of in vivo systematic tests demonstrated that zwitterionic SBMA hydrogels exhibited superior wound healing property in almost all aspects as compared to PEG hydrogels.

Graphical abstract

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A new anatomical insight into the aetiology of lateral trunk of suprascapular nerve neuropathy: isolated infraspinatus atrophy.

A new anatomical insight into the aetiology of lateral trunk of suprascapular nerve neuropathy: isolated infraspinatus atrophy.

Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Mar 09;:

Authors: Fabis-Strobin A, Topol M, Fabis J, Niedzielski K, Podgorski M, Strobin L, Polguj M

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Although the pathomechanism of isolated infraspinatus atrophy (ISA) in throwing sports is known to be traction, it is unclear why only some players are affected. One likely explanation is that the infraspinatus pulling force exerted by its contracture generate the compressive resultant component force (Fn) compressing the lateral trunk of the suprascapular nerve (LTSN) against the edge of scapular spine. This paper makes two key assumptions (1) the course of LTSN in relation to the scapular spine, defined as the suprascapular-scapular spine angle (SSSA) is the key individual anatomical feature influencing the Fn magnitude, and thus potentially ISA development (2) SSSA is correlated with scapular notch type.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bone landmarks of the LTSN course were identified in 18 formalin-fixed cadaveric shoulders, and the SSSA was measured in 101 dry scapulae. The correlation between the SSSA and suprascapular notch type was evaluated. The Fn value was simulated mathematically based on the values of the SSSA of 101 dry scapulae and the prevalence of ISA in chosen throwing sports, as given in the literature: i.e., beach volleyball - 34% (group A1 - 34%; group A2-remaining 66% of scapulae) and tennis - 52% (group B1 - 52%; group B2-remaining 48% of scapulae).
RESULTS: The mean SSSA value was 44.57° (± 7.9) and Fn 79 N (± 13.1). No statistically significant correlation was revealed between suprascapular notch type and SSSA. Groups A1 and B1 possessed significantly lower SSSA values (p < 0.000) and significantly higher Fn magnitude (p < 0.000) than groups A2 and B2 respectively. The average difference of Fn was 28.1% between group A1 and A2 and 31% between group B1 and B2.
CONCLUSIONS: The SSSA has a wide range of values depending on the individual: the angle influencing the magnitude of the compressive resultant force Fn on the LTSN at the lateral edge of the scapular spine via contraction of the infraspinatus muscle. The prevalence of ISA in throwing sports may be correlated with the SSSA of the LTSN. However, further combined clinical, MRI or/and CT studies are needed to confirm this.

PMID: 29523911 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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PRELIM II(EDI BOARD)

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Neuroscience Research, Volume 128

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