Primary wound closure after tooth extraction for prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients under denosumab

Abstract

Objectives

Some recent reports have indicated that local infection causes osteonecrosis of the jaw and described that tooth extraction may not be a direct cause of developing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients receiving antiresorptive medications. Tooth extraction and elimination of the source of infection are expected to reduce the risk of developing MRONJ. However, there is no data regarding prevention for developing osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving denosumab. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of tooth extractions with proper wound closure in patients receiving denosumab.

Patients and methods

Forty teeth in 19 patients treated with denosumab therapy were extracted under preoperative intravenous antibiotics. Patients who had already developed MRONJ in the extraction sites or who had a history of radiation therapy were excluded. During surgery, bone edges were smoothed and all wounds were closed using the double-layered technique.

Results

Thirty-seven extraction sites (92.5 %) in 17 out of 19 patients (89.5 %) were healed. However, three extraction sites in two patients had complications; one patient had exposed bone and developed MRONJ (stage 1) and the other developed a mucosa fistula. Additional surgical procedures were performed and all wounds were completely healed.

Conclusions

Tooth extractions in patients receiving denosumab can be performed in an appropriate manner and result in good outcomes.

Clinical relevance

This study indicated that tooth extraction with proper wound closure to avoid secondary infection may be effective for the prevention of MRONJ even in high-risk patients.

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