Predictors of Tanning Dependence in White Non-Hispanic Females and Males

Abstract

Background

Growing evidence suggests that some individuals may exhibit symptoms of dependence on ultraviolet (UV) light, a known carcinogen, in the context of tanning; however, few studies have investigated predictors of tanning dependence (TD).

Objective

To identify predictors of tanning dependence (TD).

Methods

Non-Hispanics of European-ancestry who had previously participated in a case-control study of early-onset basal cell carcinoma completed an online survey to ascertain TD and other behaviors (alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), exercise 'addiction', and depression). Information on host factors, such as skin and eye color and history of sunbathing and indoor tanning, was obtained from a study in which the participants were previously enrolled. Lifetime TD was assessed using the modified Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener (mCAGE) and the modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (mDSM-IV-TR) questionnaires. Participants were classified as 'TD' if positive on both questionnaires and not TD if negative on both questionnaires.

Results

In total, 499 individuals completed the online survey (81.9% participation rate), 24.4% were classified as 'TD'. In the multivariate model, women were more likely to be TD (odds ratio (OR) 6.93; 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) (3.36-14.27)) than men. Alcohol dependence (OR 6.55: 95% CI 3.19-13.42), SAD (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.26-6.09) and exercise 'addiction' (OR 5.47; 95% CI 1.15-26.06) were all significant predictors for TD.

Conclusion

Increased knowledge of those at risk for TD will allow appropriate interventions to be designed.

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