Nitroimidazole derivatives of polypyridyl ruthenium complexes: Towards understanding their anticancer activity and mode of action

Publication date: 1 April 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 101
Author(s): Olga Mazuryk, Oksana Krysiak-Foria, Agnieszka Żak, Franck Suzenet, Agata Ptak-Belowska, Tomasz Brzozowski, Grażyna Stochel, Małgorzata Brindell
The mechanism of cell death induced by the ruthenium polypyridyl complexes comprising two 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligands as well as one unmodified 2,2′-bipyridyl or modified with 2-nitroimidazole moiety attached by shorter (C3H6) or longer (C6H12) linker was investigated. Cytotoxicity and proliferation assays revealed that the studied Ru polypyridyl complexes are more toxic against human pancreas carcinoma PANC-1 cell line than normal human keratinocytes HaCaT with IC50 of 3–5μM. The Ru complexes despite accumulation in mitochondria do not lead to mitochondrial disfunction, though decreasing of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ causes mitochondria membrane hyperpolarization. The Ru polypyridyl conjugates induce some phenotypical characteristic of apoptosis, such as condensation of chromatin or phosphatidylserine translocation, however no caspase or calpain activation in the studied cell lines was observed, indicating that detected cell death does not occur via mitochondria- or ER-activated pathways. Caspase-independent cell death is caused by enormous ROS formation, mainly hydrogen peroxide and peroxyl radicals as well as by intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis disruption. Accumulation of the Ru compounds inhibits the completion of DNA synthesis, arresting cells in S-phase of cell cycle.

Graphical abstract

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