Implantation of Responsive Neurostimulation for Epilepsy Using Intraoperative CT. Technical Nuances and Accuracy Assessment.

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Implantation of Responsive Neurostimulation for Epilepsy Using Intraoperative CT. Technical Nuances and Accuracy Assessment.

World Neurosurg. 2017 Apr 05;:

Authors: Kerolus MG, Kochanski RB, Rossi M, Stein M, Byrne RW, Sani S

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Implantation of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) system has been previously discussed in the literature but there is a paucity of data on target accuracy and the use of intraoperative imaging. We describe our experience with eight patients using intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) during implantation of the NeuroPace(®) RNS system.
METHODS: A frame based system was used. CT images were obtained and merged with preoperative MRI and metabolic imaging studies to calculate target coordinates. An occipital entry point with a trajectory parallel to the hippocampus was planned. The leads were placed in the parahippocampal white matter circuitry. Intraoperative CT images were obtained for immediate confirmation of lead accuracy. Images were computationally merged and superimposed on the MRI images and final coordinates of the distal contact were compared with the intended target. Targeting error was calculated in each axis as well as Euclidean distance. Pre- and postoperative seizure frequency per month was used to evaluate outcomes.
RESULTS: A total of fifteen occipitotemporal leads were placed in eight patients. The vector error means in the x, y, and z planes were 0.57mm ± 0.44mm, 0.71mm ± 0.84mm, and 2.23mm ± 1.43 mm respectively. The mean Euclidean distance error was 2.63 mm ± 1.32 mm. The z axis was found to have a significantly higher error [F (2,42) =12.955, p=0.001] when compared to the x or y axes. The median preoperative and postoperative seizure frequency per month was 3.4 and 0.78 seizures, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Frame based stereotactic implantation of the NeuroPace(®) RNS system using iCT is feasible and allows for intraoperative target accuracy confirmation and correction.

PMID: 28391021 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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