The Necessity of the Nipple: Redefining Completeness in Breast Reconstruction

Introduction: Satisfaction with breast reconstruction is thought to be greatest among patients who complete nipple and areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction. Anecdotally, many patients are known to decline NAC reconstruction. The authors aimed to characterize the epidemiology of and factors associated with incomplete breast reconstruction. Methods: Breast reconstruction patients with follow-up in a single institution's electronic medical record system were reviewed. Chi-squared and independent t-tests were used to identify variables associated with lack of NAC reconstruction; associated variables (P

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