Circulating follicular helper T cells presented distinctively different responses toward bacterial antigens in primary biliary cholangitis

Publication date: October 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 51
Author(s): Zun-Qiang Zhou, Da-Nian Tong, Jiao Guan, Mei-Fang Li, Qi-Ming Feng, Min-Jie Zhou, Zheng-Yun Zhang
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease with unknown causes. The initiation of PBC is associated with bacterial infections and abnormal immune correlates, such as the presence of self-reactive anti-mitochondrial antibodies and shifted balance of T cell subsets. In particular, the CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are highly activated in PBC patients and are significantly associated with PBC severity, but the underlying reasons are unknown. In this study, we found that the circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells were enriched with the interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting Th1-subtype and the interleukin (IL)-17-secreting Th17-subtype, but not the IL-4-secreting Th2 subtype. We further demonstrated that a host of microbial motifs, including Pam3CSK4, poly(I:C), LPS, imiquimod, and CpG, could significantly stimulate IFN-γ, IL-17, and/or IL-21 from circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells in PBC patients, especially in the presence of monocytes and B cells. Whole bacterial cells of Escherichia coli, Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, and Mycobacterium gordonae, could also potently stimulate IFN-γ, IL-17, and/or IL-21 production from circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells. But interestingly, while the whole cell could potently stimulate circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells from both healthy controls and PBC patients, the cell protein lysate could only potently stimulate circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells from PBC patients, but not those from healthy controls, suggesting that circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ T cells in PBC patients had distinctive antigen-specificity from those in healthy individuals. Together, these data demonstrated that bacterial antigen stimulation is a potential source of aberrant Tfh cell activation in PBC patients.



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