THE USE OF HUNTING AND HERDING SPACES: STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF LATE ARCHAIC AND EARLY FORMATIVE CAMELIDS IN THE TULAN TRANSECT (PUNA DE ATACAMA, CHILE)

ABSTRACT

We present the results of analyzing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in camelid remains found at the Late Archaic site TU-52 (ca. 5000-3800 BP), the Tarajne Phase site TU-94 and the Early Formative sites TU-54, TU-85 and TU-122 (ca. 3100-2400 BP). All of the sites are located in the Puna de Atacama (Northern Chile) along the 14 km Tulan transect, between the head of Tulan ravine (ca. 3000 m.a.s.l.) and the border of the Salar de Atacama (2317 m.a.s.l.). Our aim is to understand how the space was used by hunter-gatherers and early herders from the beginning of camelid domestication to the consolidation of herding practices. Isotopic analyses were complemented with osteometric data in order to correlate changes in animal size and isotopic values with the initiation of animal husbandry. Isotopic and ostemetric results show less variability of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values during the Late Archaic and Tarajne Phase, whereas variability is higher during the Early Formative. We postulate that during the latter period there was more widespread use of hunting and herding spaces along the Tulan ravine, including areas above 3000 m.a.s.l. as result of more consolidated herding practices, while the highlands were used as a complementary space to hold livestock near ritual sites and residential settlements.

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