Granuloma annulare associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Abstract

Recent developments in cancer immunology have ushered in immunotherapy as a new era in anti-cancer therapy. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death receptor-1(PD-1)/ PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway are immune checkpoints of tumour-induced immunosuppression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate cytotoxic T cells to attack tumour cells, leading to durable antitumour responses. By unbalancing the immune system, ICIs may induce autoimmunity that results in organ dysfunction, referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2y3SJbg