Construction of mass spectra database and diagnosis algorithm for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Although complete tumor resection leads to improved prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), functional disabilities such as dysphagia and dysphonia are sometimes unavoidable. The risk of these complications can be minimized by careful dissection [1–4]. Intraoperative rapid diagnosis using frozen sections is the standard means of determining appropriate tumor margins [5,6]. This process requires several steps, including tissue freezing, cryosectioning, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and microscopic examination, the whole process usually taking >30 min.

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