Higher level of GGT during mid-pregnancy is associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective

This study was to explore the link between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels during early-middle pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, pregnant women enrolled prior to 16 weeks of gestation were followed up until delivery. GGT, AST and ALT levels were tested during weeks 14–18 of gestation and oral glucose tolerance test was conducted during 24-28 weeks to screen GDM.

Results

The GDM rate was 8.1% (122/1512). Mean GGT level was higher in GDM than non-GDM women (18.7±13.0 vs 14.5±7.0,P <0.001). The higher GGT level was 26.9~74.0 U/L, which was significantly associated with increased risk of GDM. The adjusted RR (95% CI) comparing higher GGT level versus lower was 5.40(3.36–8.68). No significant correlation was found between ALT or AST levels and the risk of GDM.

Conclusions

The results suggest that pregnant women with higher serum GGT during early-middle pregnancy have higher risk of developing GDM. A GGT level >26.9 U/L may indicate an increased risk of developing GDM later and should be further concerned.

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