The radiation resistance of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells is independent of their tissue of origin

Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Alexander Rühle, Oliver Xia, Ramon Lopez Perez, Thuy Trinh, Wiltrud Richter, Anna Sarnowska, Patrick Wuchter, Jürgen Debus, Rainer Saffrich, Peter E. Huber, Nils H. Nicolay
PurposeHuman mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may aid the regeneration of ionizing radiation-induced tissue damage. They can be harvested from different tissues for clinical purposes; however, the role of the tissue source on the radiation response of human MSCs remains unknown.Methods and MaterialsHuman MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord, and cellular survival, proliferation and apoptosis were measured after irradiation. The influence of ionizing radiation (IR) on the defining functions of MSCs was assessed, and cell morphology, surface marker expression and the differentiation potential were examined. Western blot analyses were performed to assess the activation of DNA damage signaling and repair pathways.ResultsMSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord exhibited a relative radioresistance independent of their tissue of origin. Defining properties including cellular adhesion and surface marker expression were preserved, and irradiated MSCs maintained their potential for multi-lineage differentiation irrespective of their tissue source. Analysis of activated DNA damage recognition and repair pathways demonstrated an efficient repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks in MSCs from different tissues, thereby influencing the induction of apoptosis.ConclusionsThese data show for the first time that MSCs are resistant to IR and largely preserve their defining functions after irradiation irrespective of their tissue of origin. Efficient repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks and consecutive reduction of apoptosis induction may contribute to the tissue-independent radiation resistance of MSCs.

Teaser

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different tissues may aid the regeneration of radiation-induced organ lesions; however, the influence of ionizing radiation on tissue-specific human MSCs is unknown. Here we show that the radiation resistance of MSCs is independent of their tissue of origin, and irradiated MSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord preserved their defining characteristics. Efficient repair of radiation-induced DNA damage may contribute to this radiation resistance.


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