Response of periodontium to MTA and Biodentine: a pilot histological study on humans

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the histological response of periodontium to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine in human experimental models.

Materials and Methods

Six patients scheduled for implant full-arch rehabilitation via the all-on-4 technique were randomly assigned to one of the two test groups: either to MTA or Biodentine treatment. For each patient, 2 teeth scheduled for strategic extraction were randomly assigned either to the test or to the control treatment. A lateral perforation was drilled on the root and either repaired with MTA/Biodentine or filled with gutta-percha(control). Three months later, the teeth were extracted along with the coronal third of the alveolar bone and a portion of gingival tissue, while performing implant placement, and processed for histological analysis.

Results

Biodentine resulted in less extrusion into periodontal environment. All the materials showed good biocompatibility. Mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate was visible in all the specimens. A new mineralised cementum-like tissue incorporating periodontal fibers was visible in all cases treated with MTA. A little amount of new mineralized tissue was found in two Biodentine cases but not in control cases. Biodentine resulted in fewer damages to the periodontal ligament.

Conclusions

Bioactivity and biocompatibility of MTA, previously demonstrated in animal studies, were confirmed in human models. Biodentine proved to be biocompatible, but it seems not to induce cementum regeneration in humans.

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