Sinonasal Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Report of Two Cases with Varied Presentation and a Review of Literature

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma is usually slow growing with delayed vague symptoms and may not be detected until an advanced stage. In only 9% of the cases the classical triad of "haematuria, costovertebral pain and abdominal mass" is seen. Less commonly, sinonasal metastasis may also be the presenting feature of RCC. So, in any case of sinonasal mass, possibility of metastasis from renal malignancy should be considered. Sinonasal metastasis from renal malignancy can occur even several years after the primary is treated with nephrectomy. In sinonasal region maxillary sinus is the most commonly affected. Isolated metastasis to the nose is extremely rare. Malignancies from various other sites of the body can also metastasize to sinonasal region. Epistaxis is the most common symptom. This is because of vascular stroma of the metastatic deposit. A 45 year old male with history of right nephrectomy 1 year back presented with intractable epistaxis. A 66 year old male presented with profuse epistaxis without any history of previous malignancies. Both the cases were evaluated resulting to the diagnosis of sinonasal metastasis from Renal Cell carcinoma. In the first case, metastasis occurred 1 year post surgery whereas in second case sinonasal metastasis was the presenting feature of Renal Cell carcinoma. Epistaxis is the most common symptom. This is because of vascular stroma of this metastatic deposit. In renal cancer, symptoms of metastasis often precede the symptoms of primary tumor.

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