Genetic redundancy of GATA factors in extraembryonic trophoblast lineage ensures progression of both pre and postimplantation mammalian development [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

Pratik Home, Ram Parikshan Kumar, Avishek Ganguly, Biswarup Saha, Jessica Milano-Foster, Bhaswati Bhattacharya, Soma Ray, Sumedha Gunewardena, Arindam Paul, Sally A. Camper, Patrick E. Fields, and Soumen Paul

GATA transcription factors are implicated in establishing cell fate during mammalian development. In early mammalian embryos, GATA3 is selectively expressed in the extraembryonic trophoblast lineage and regulates gene expression to promote trophoblast fate. However, trophoblast-specific GATA3 function is dispensable for early mammalian development. Here, using dual conditional knockout mice, we show that genetic redundancy of GATA3 with paralog GATA2 in trophoblast progenitors ensures the successful progression of both pre and postimplantation mammalian development. Stage-specific gene deletion in trophoblasts reveals that loss of both GATA genes, but not either one alone, leads to embryonic lethality prior to the onset of their expression within the embryo proper. Using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses, we define the global targets of GATA2/GATA3 and show that they directly regulate a large number of common genes to orchestrate stem vs. differentiated trophoblast fate. Also, in trophoblast progenitors GATA factors directly regulate BMP4, Nodal and Wnt signaling components that promote embryonic-extraembryonic signaling cross-talk, essential for the development of the embryo proper. Our study provides genetic evidence that impairment of trophoblast-specific GATA2/GATA3 function could lead to early pregnancy failure.

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