HLA traits linked to development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma affect the progression-free survival of patients

Main risk factors for carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. Since exposure to both lifestyle factors is followed by immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenesis plus increased expression of cytokines and growth factors resulting in loss of proliferation control, the reasons for developing HNSCC and relapses appear to be obvious. Also the sexually transmitted and persistent infection with oncogenic high-risk subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) poses a risk for developing oropharyngeal HNSCC.

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