Cytotoxic Epstein-Barr virus-positive large B cell lymphoma: a regulatory B cell-derived neoplasia?

Related Articles

Cytotoxic Epstein-Barr virus-positive large B cell lymphoma: a regulatory B cell-derived neoplasia?

Histopathology. 2017 Mar;70(4):650-656

Authors: Tabanelli V, Santiago-Pacheco V, Corbellino M, Calleri A, Agostinelli C, Parravicini C, Pileri SA

Abstract
AIMS: A new subtype of granzyme B (GrB)-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs ) has been described recently; these peculiar cytotoxic B cells are increased significantly in interleukin (IL)-21-rich settings, and in particular during HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Our aim is to report a unique case of an EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with cytotoxic features arisen in an HIV(+) patient, and to understand if this lesion may represent a proliferation of neoplastic cytotoxic Bregs .
METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe a 66-year-old male patient who presented with cervical lymph node enlargement and B symptoms; subsequently, HIV infection was diagnosed. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies were performed, and revealed an EBV-positive DLBCL with cytotoxic features. Considering the immunological setting and unconventional phenotype observed, we tried to evaluate further the expression of GrB and IL-21 in another 150 aggressive B cell lymphomas (17 of 150 EBV(+) , two of 150 EBV(+) /HIV(+) ). Minimal dot-like expression of GrB was found in seven lymphomas (in fewer than 1% of tumour cells), three of which were EBV-positive.
CONCLUSIONS: Breg origin has never been reported in B cell lymphomas. We describe an exceptional case of EBV-positive DLBCL with aberrant expression of cytotoxic markers in a patient with a previously unknown HIV infection. We propose cytotoxic Bregs as a possible normal counterpart for this unusual tumour.

PMID: 27782313 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://ift.tt/2eUA8l4