Publication date: Available online 10 July 2017
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): E. Lafont, C. Aguilar, P. Vironneau, R. Kania, A. Alanio, S. Poirée, O. Lortholary, F. Lanternier
Alors que les sinusites affectent environ 20 % de la population, les sinusites fongiques sont rares. Les champignons du genre Aspergillus sont les champignons les plus fréquemment impliqués. Les sinusites fongiques représentent un large spectre de maladies, incluant des formes invasives et non invasives, aiguës et chroniques. Une sinusite fongique invasive peut survenir chez un patient immunodéprimé ou diabétique, alors que les sinusites fongiques non invasives doivent être évoquées devant un tableau chronique réfractaire aux antibiotiques chez des patients immunocompétents, notamment la sinusite fongique allergique liée à une hypersensibilité de l'hôte vis-à-vis du champignon. Le diagnostic de ces infections nécessite des examens radiologiques, endoscopiques avec des biopsies de muqueuse sinusienne étudiées en histologie et mycologie, qui permettront de distinguer les différentes entités. Dans les formes non invasives, le traitement chirurgical est indispensable, parfois en association avec un traitement antifongique et anti-inflammatoire. Les formes invasives nécessitent un traitement antifongique associé à la chirurgie dans certaines formes, en particulier dans la mucormycose.Although sinusitis affects about 20 % of the population, fungal sinusitis is rare. Aspergillus sp. are most frequently implicated. Fungal sinusitis represents a wide spectrum of disorders, including acute or chronic and invasive or non-invasive forms. Invasive fungal sinusitis may develop in an immunocompromised or diabetic patient, whereas non-invasive fungal sinusitis should be considered in a chronic situation, resistant to antibiotics in immunocompetent patients. Allergic fungal sinusitis is related to hypersensitivity of the host to the fungus. The diagnosis of these infections requires radiological examination and endoscopy with mucosal biopsies examined histologically and mycologically in order to distinguish the different types of sinusitis. In the non-invasive forms, surgical treatment is essential, sometimes combined with antifungal and anti-inflammatory treatment. The invasive forms require antifungal treatment, combined with surgery in some forms, particularly mucormycosis.
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