Rhinitis and its Impact on Quality of Life in Swimmers

Abstract

Introduction

Limited data suggest that swimmers might be affected by rhinitis significantly more often than the general population. This can have impact on quality of life but also on performance. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and impact of QOL of rhinitis in swimming compared to non-swimming athletes and controls.

Materials and methods

This was an observational case control, questionnaire based study involving elite (n=101) and non-elite swimming athletes (n=107), non-swimming athletes (n = 38) and sex and age-matched controls (n = 50). The survey instrument consisted of a general and the miniRQLQ questionnaire. Main question used to assess the prevalence of rhinitis was from the ISAAC study.

Results

Rhinitis was reported significantly more often by the elite swimmers (45%) than non-elite swimmers (31%), non-swimming athletes (32%) and controls (24%). Allergic rhinitis prevalence was similar in all groups (12-18%). The prevalence of non-allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in elite swimmers (33%) and non-elite swimmers (22%) compared to non-swimming athlethes and controls. Overall mean miniRQLQ score and all subdomains except the "eye" domain showed significantly reduced QOL in elite and non-elite swimmers compared to non-swimming athletes and controls. Regular nasal medication was used significantly less by elite swimmers (18%) compared to controls (67%) and non-swimming athletes (42%).

Conclusion

This study revealed a high prevalence of non-allergic rhinitis in swimmers and related impact on QoL. These findings highlight the importance to increase the awareness toward upper airway disorders in the swimming athletes and to ensure adequate management.

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