Publication date: Available online 10 May 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): D. Caillot, C. Legouge, I. Lafon, E. Ferrant, P.B. Pagès, A. Plocque, L. Estivalet, S. Valot, F. Dalle, H. Abou Hanna, M.-L. Chretien
IntroductionLa survenue d'une mucormycose pulmonaire (MP), dont l'incidence augmente au cours des aplasies chimio-induites des leucémies aiguës (LA), reste une complication redoutable.MéthodesAnalyse des caractéristiques clinico-biologiques et des scanners thoraciques (CT) des MP survenues au cours des traitements de LA entre 2000 et 2015. Le premier CT pathologique définissait le jour 0 (j0) de la MP.RésultatsParmi 1193 patients, 25 MP furent observées au cours de 2099 aplasies. Au diagnostic de MP, 24/25 patients étaient neutropéniques depuis une durée médiane de 12jours. Aucun patient n'était diabétique. Sur le CT de j0, l'atteinte pulmonaire était unique dans 20 cas et le signe du halo inversé (RHS) présent dans 23/25 cas. La fréquence du RHS était de 100 % entre j1 et j7 puis 75 % entre j8 et j15 et 27 % après j15. Une biopsie tissulaire était positive dans 17/18 cas. La présence d'ADN circulant de Mucorales sur sérum était observée chez 23/24 patients et dans 97/188 sérums entre j-9 et j9. Le lavage bronchoalvéolaire n'était contributif que dans 3/21 cas. Le traitement reposait majoritairement sur l'amphotéricine B liposomale combinée ou relayée par le posaconazole. Une résection pulmonaire chirurgicale était associée dans 9/25 cas. La survie à 3 mois post-MP était de 76 % et la médiane de survie de 14 mois.ConclusionAu cours des LA, le pronostic de la MP peut être amélioré par la réalisation précoce du CT permettant d'évoquer la MP en présence d'un RHS et ainsi de débuter le traitement le plus tôt possible.IntroductionIn acute leukaemia (AL), the occurrence of pulmonary mucormycosis (PM), the incidence of which is increasing, as a result of chemotherapy induced marrow aplasia, remains a life threatening complication.MethodsAnalysis of clinical, biological and thoracic CT characteristics of patients with PM developing during the treatment of AL between 2000 and 2015. Day 0 (D0) was defined as the day with first CT evidence of PM.ResultsAmong 1193 patients, 25 cases of PM were recorded during 2099 episodes of bone marrow aplasia. At time of diagnosis of PM, 24/25 patients had been neutropenic for a median of 12 days. None of the patients had diabetes mellitus. On initial CT (D0), the lesion was solitary in 20/25 cases and a reversed halo sign (RHS) was observed in 23/25 cases. From D1 to D7, D8 to D15 and after D15, RHS was seen in 100 %, 75 % and 27 % of cases, respectively. A tissue biopsy was positive in 17/18 cases. The detection of circulating Mucorales DNA in serum was positive in 23/24 patients and in 97/188 serum specimens between D-9 and D9. Bronchoalveolar lavage contributed to diagnosis in only 3/21 cases. The antifungal treatment was mainly based on liposomal amphotericin B combined with, or followed by, posaconazole. A pulmonary surgical resection was performed in 9/25 cases. At 3 months, 76 % of patients were alive and median overall survival was 14 months.ConclusionIn AL, early use of CT could improve the prognosis of PM. The presence of a RHS on CT suggests PM and is an indication for prompt antifungal treatment.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Mucormycoses pulmonaires au cours des traitements de leucémies aiguës. Analyse rétrospective d’une série de 25 patients
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