Publication date: Available online 22 June 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): L. Guilleminault, Y. Rolland, A. Didier
La bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) est une pathologie respiratoire à l'origine d'une mortalité et d'un handicap important. Les sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans sont plus fréquemment touchés par cette maladie que les patients plus jeunes. Les interventions non pharmacologiques prennent une place importante dans la prise en charge de la BPCO et présentent des spécificités chez la personne âgée. Le sevrage tabagique doit être proposé quel que soit l'âge compte tenu de l'amélioration de la qualité de vie et du risque d'hospitalisation. L'augmentation de l'activité physique est également source de réduction des symptômes de dyspnée. Des tests sous-maximaux comme le « Short Physical Performance Battery » sont à privilégier. L'utilisation du test de marche de 6minutes est également incontournable. L'augmentation de l'activité physique doit se faire en association avec l'amélioration du statut nutritionnel. Un dépistage de la dénutrition par questionnaire, calcul de l'indice de masse corporelle et dosage de l'albuminémie est recommandé chez le sujet âgé. En cas de dénutrition, la supplémentation orale semble diminuer le risque de réhospitalisation. Toutes ces mesures doivent s'intégrer dans un programme d'éducation thérapeutique adapté aux difficultés présentées par les personnes âgées (surdité, isolement…).Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder responsible for a high mortality and disability. People older than 65 years are more commonly affected than younger people and tend to present with more symptoms and a greater level of disability. Non-pharmacological interventions play an important role in the management of all patients with COPD and this is particularly true in the elderly. Given the improvement in quality of life and risk of hospitalization, smoking cessation should be promoted to patients of all ages. Increased physical activity is associated with reduced respiratory symptoms. Tests such as the "Short Physical Performance Battery" can be useful in frailer older people with COPD, while walking tests such as the 6-minute walk test are used as an assessment before pulmonary rehabilitation. Increased physical activity should be combined with nutritional management. Screening for undernutrition by questionnaire, body mass index and albumin quantification is recommended in the elderly. In case of undernutrition, oral supplementation seems to reduce the risk of re-admission. All these measures must be included in an education program adapted to the elderly comorbidities (hearing loss, isolation…).
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