Is hereditary angioedema related to an increased risk of atherosclerosis?

We paid close attention in reading the interesting paper by Nebenführer et al,1 whose findings excluded the presence of endothelial dysfunction in hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) patients. Their results are opposite of those recently published by our research group.2 Because the issue is important, impaired endothelial function being correlated with future occurrences of adverse cardiovascular events and cardiac death,3 we think that a few points should be worthy of debate.

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