Neutrophils in Homeostasis, Immunity, and Cancer

Publication date: 17 January 2017
Source:Immunity, Volume 46, Issue 1
Author(s): José Ángel Nicolás-Ávila, José M. Adrover, Andrés Hidalgo
Neutrophils were among the first leukocytes described and visualized by early immunologists. Prominent effector functions during infection and sterile inflammation classically placed them low in the immune tree as rapid, mindless aggressors with poor regulatory functions. This view is currently under reassessment as we uncover new aspects of their life cycle and identify transcriptional and phenotypic diversity that endows them with regulatory properties that extend beyond their lifetime in the circulation. These properties are revealing unanticipated roles for neutrophils in supporting homeostasis, as well as complex disease states such as cancer. We focus this review on these emerging functions in order to define the true roles of neutrophils in homeostasis, immunity, and disease.

Teaser

Classically viewed as homogeneous effector cells with poor regulatory functions, neutrophils are now known to be phenotypically and functionally diverse. Nicolás-Ávila and colleagues review these emerging properties and discuss how neutrophils contribute to homeostasis, immune defense, and disease.


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