Alternative Progenitor Cells Compensate to Rebuild the Coronary Vasculature in Elabela- and Apj-Deficient Hearts

Publication date: Available online 7 September 2017
Source:Developmental Cell
Author(s): Bikram Sharma, Lena Ho, Gretchen Hazel Ford, Heidi I. Chen, Andrew B. Goldstone, Y. Joseph Woo, Thomas Quertermous, Bruno Reversade, Kristy Red-Horse
Organogenesis during embryonic development occurs through the differentiation of progenitor cells. This process is extraordinarily accurate, but the mechanisms ensuring high fidelity are poorly understood. Coronary vessels of the mouse heart derive from at least two progenitor pools, the sinus venosus and endocardium. We find that the ELABELA (ELA)-APJ signaling axis is only required for sinus venosus-derived progenitors. Because they do not depend on ELA-APJ, endocardial progenitors are able to expand and compensate for faulty sinus venosus development in Apj mutants, leading to normal adult heart function. An upregulation of endocardial SOX17 accompanied compensation in Apj mutants, which was also seen in Ccbe1 knockouts, indicating that the endocardium is activated in multiple cases where sinus venosus angiogenesis is stunted. Our data demonstrate that by diversifying their responsivity to growth cues, distinct coronary progenitor pools are able to compensate for each other during coronary development, thereby providing robustness to organ development.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Coronary blood vessels of the heart are formed from two progenitor sources: the sinus venosus (SV) and the endocardium. Sharma et al. show that ELA-APJ is only required for growth from the SV and that endocardial-derived CVs can compensate for loss of SV-derived vessels to restore heart function, ensuring developmental robustness.


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