Publication date: March 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, Volume 145, Issue 3
Author(s): F. Dessirier, J.-P. Arnault, J. Denamps, H. Sevestre, C. Attencourt, C. Lok
IntroductionL'actinomycose est une infection bactérienne granulomateuse chronique extensive. Elle est rarement révélée par une ulcération buccale.ObservationUne femme diabétique de 76 ans était traitée par dabrafenib pour un mélanome stade IV. Lors d'une consultation de suivi, on constatait deux lésions ulcérées du palais dur et de la gencive, infiltrées et hyperalgiques. Il n'y avait pas de signe associé. Le bilan biologique était sans particularité. La première hypothèse diagnostique évoquée était celle d'un carcinome épidermoïde muqueux survenu sous inhibiteurs de BRAF, bien que cette situation soit très peu décrite dans la littérature. L'examen histologique montrait un grain actinomycosique. La tomodensitométrie du massif facial ne montrait pas d'ostéite. Une antibiothérapie par amoxicilline était instaurée pendant quatre mois, avec une évolution favorable.DiscussionLes actinomycètes sont des bactéries filamenteuses Gram positif, saprophytes de la cavité buccale et du tractus gastro-intestinal, qui deviennent pathogènes sous l'influence de plusieurs facteurs. L'atteinte cervico-faciale, sous la forme d'un nodule inflammatoire péri-mandibulaire avec fistulisation secondaire à la peau ou dans la bouche, est la présentation la plus classique de l'actinomycose. Aucun cas d'infection opportuniste n'a été décrit à notre connaissance sous inhibiteurs de BRAF ; seuls deux cas de tuberculose ont été rapportés avec le sorafenib. Chez notre patiente, les soins dentaires et le diabète sont les deux facteurs favorisants retenus. Nous rappelons par ailleurs l'importance de l'examen des muqueuses chez les patients traités par inhibiteurs de BRAF.BackgroundActinomycosis is a chronic and extensive granulomatous, bacterial infection. Revelation by oral ulceration is rare.Patients and methodsA 76-year-old patient with diabetes was treated with dabrafenib for stage IV melanoma. A follow-up visit revealed two ulcerated, infiltrated and hyperalgesic lesions of the palate and gingiva. There were no associated signs. The laboratory findings were normal. The possibility of squamous cell carcinoma occurring with BRAF inhibitors was discussed, despite the rarity of such cases in the literature. Histological examination showed an actinomycotic grain. A scan of the facial mass showed no osteitis. Antimicrobial therapy was initiated with amoxicillin for four months, with a favorable outcome.DiscussionActinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous saprophytic bacteria of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. They can become pathogenic under the influence of several factors. Cervicofacial involvement in the form of a peri-mandibular inflammatory nodule with secondary fistulation on the skin or in the mouth is the classic presentation. To our knowledge, no cases of opportunistic infection under BRAF inhibitors have been described. Only two cases of tuberculosis have been reported with sorafenib. The initial presentation led to suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma. In our patient, poor oral hygiene and diabetes were the two key factors considered. Moreover, this is the first case reported under dabrafenib, which does not appear to be a favoring factor. We would stress the importance of mucosal examination in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors.
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