Publication date: Available online 23 June 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): Ph. Arvers
IntroductionTrès peu d'études sont consacrées à l'alcool et ses effets sur les poumons, même si l'on connaît les méfaits de la consommation excessive d'alcool. Ainsi, les connaissances sur cette interaction sont peu connues, sur le plan physiopathologique, clinique et épidémiologique.État des connaissancesLa consommation aiguë d'alcool peut entraîner une rapide augmentation de la fréquence des battements ciliaires des cellules de l'épithélium mucociliaire. Mais l'exposition chronique d'alcool va au contraire désensibiliser progressivement la réponse des cellules ciliaires : on observe alors une diminution de la clairance mucociliaire. La consommation chronique d'alcool va entraîner une altération de la réponse immunitaire (diminution de la maturation macrophagique et de la phagocytose) et le développement d'une réaction inflammatoire (cytokines pro-inflammatoires). La fonction respiratoire va être perturbée sous l'effet de l'alcool : asthme, bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, infections pulmonaires seront plus fréquentes. Le lien de causalité entre alcool et cancer du poumon est difficile à mettre en évidence, car le statut tabagique interfère. Seules des études chez les non-fumeurs permettront de dire si le cancer du poumon est augmenté lors de consommation chronique d'alcool.ConclusionL'alcool a des effets pulmonaires délétères et son rôle dans le développement du cancer du poumon doit être approfondi.IntroductionBinge drinking and continued alcohol use in large amounts are associated with many health problems but there are very few studies on the effects of alcohol intake on the function of lung, the effects of ethanol on lung diseases, and links between alcohol consumption and lung cancer. Therefore, our knowledge of these interactions from pathophysiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects is poor.BackgroundAcute alcohol exposure stimulates the beating of the cilia of mucociliary epithelium cells but the effects of chronic ethanol over-exposure are different, with a progressive desensitization of ciliary response: ethanol exposure reduces airway mucociliary clearance. As a result this important innate primary defense mechanism, which protects the lungs from the deleterious effects of different pollutants, allergens and pathogens, is weakened. Chronic alcohol exposure alters the adaptative immune response to pathogens (decreasing the phagocytic function of macrophages) and leads to an inflammatory response (pro-inflammatory cytokines). Respiratory function is impaired by alcohol misuse: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung infections, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are more frequent and severe. It is difficult to establish a causal link between alcohol and lung cancer as the lung cancer risk is likely confounded by the effect of smoking. Very few studies among never smokers have been conducted until now and the results are not consistent: they are therefore necessary to confirm or refute whether lung cancer is attributable to alcohol misuse.ConclusionThe pulmonary effects of alcohol misuse are many but further investigations into the mechanism by which alcohol might predispose to lung cancer are necessary.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Σάββατο 23 Ιουνίου 2018
Alcool et poumon : des liaisons dangereuses
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