We have described the diversity of complete mtDNA sequences from ‘relic’ groups of the Russian Far East, primarily the Nivkhi (who speak a language isolate with no clear relatedness to any others) and Oroki of...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00771D, PaperZhongjie Zhu, Jianbing Zhang, Yongshun Song, Chao Chang, Guanhua Ren, Jianxiong Shen, Zongchang Zhang, Te Ji, Min Chen, Hongwei ZhaoDopamine (DA) is an essential neurotransmitter and hormone in the nervous system, its structural and conformational properties play critical roles in the biological functions and signal transmission processes. Although this...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2020, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D0AN90078H, Correction Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.Chunli Xia, Dong Zhou, Yueming Su, Guangkai Zhou, Lishuang Yao, Weimin Sun, Yongjun LiuTo cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 13, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01169J, PaperYihong Mei, Ling Li, Nan Chen, Changyin Zhong, Weihua HuSurface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) offers a compelling tool for high-throughput, real-time, and label-free biomolecular interaction study and immunoassay, but its performance suffers from limited intrinsic sensitivity and low contrast...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 13, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01328E, PaperCamilo Morais, Panagiotis Giamougiannis, Rita Oliwia Grabowska, Nicholas J Wood, Pierre L Martin-Hirsch, Francis L MartinRaman hyperspectral imaging is a powerful technique that provides both chemical and spatial information of a sample matrix being studied. The generated data are composed of three-dimensional (3D) arrays containing...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 13, 2020 02:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 10:34
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 10:04
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 05:52
05:42
Abstract The consensus of opinion, with regard to the effect of cognitive fatigue on subsequent physical performance, is that there is a small, negative effect, but there is no consensus regarding the mechanisms involved. When glucose levels are normal, undertaking cognitive tasks does not induce energy or neurotransmitter depletion. The adenosine hypothesis is questioned as cognitively induced increases in adenosine release are phasic and transient, while persistent effects of...
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Abstract Background Concentrations of endogenous sex hormones fluctuate across the menstrual cycle (MC), which could have implications for exercise performance in women. At present, data are conflicting, with no consensus on whether exercise performance is affected by MC phase. Objective To determine the effects of the MC on exercise performance and...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Inferring the evolutionary dynamics at play during the process of speciation by analysing the genomic landscape of divergence is a major pursuit in population genomics. However, empirical assessments of genomic landscapes under varying evolutionary scenarios that are known a priori are few, thereby limiting our ability to achieve this goal. Here we combine RAD-sequencing and individual-based simulations to evaluate the genomic landscape of divergence in the silvereye (Zosterops lateralis). Using...
00:04
The octocoral, Paramuricea clavata, is a habitat-forming anthozoan with a key ecological role in rocky benthic and biodiversity-rich communities in the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic. Shallow populations of P. clavata in the North-Western Mediterranean are severely affected by warming-induced mass mortality events (MMEs). These MMEs have differentially impacted individuals and populations of P. clavata (i.e. varied levels of tissue necrosis and mortality rates) over thousands of kilometers of...
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The present study was a review of cases of central cystadenocarcinoma over the past 29 years and provides clinical, radiological, and pathological information about these rare lesions. Six cases of central cystadenocarcinoma treated between 1991 and 2019 at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology in Beijing, China, were retrospectively analysed. A comprehensive review of clinical records was summarised and the histological diagnosis was revised using the 2017 World Health Organization criteria.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
We present outcomes following total joint replacement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adolescent and young adult patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and discuss a multidisciplinary treatment model. A retrospective review was performed of patients presenting to the University of North Carolina Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service (Chapel Hill, NC) from 2016- 2018 who underwent unilateral or bilateral total replacement of the TMJ for a diagnosis of end-stage joint disease secondary...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Following the abhorrent killing of an African-American man, George Floyd Jr on 25 May 2020 at the hands of white police officers during an arrest in Minnesota, USA,1 protests against racism spread rapidly round the world.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Early diagnosis of many diseases is essential for their treatment. Furthermore, the existence of abundant and unknown variables makes more complicated decision making. For this reason, the diagnosis and classi...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
To explore and compare the age, source and future risk of COVID-19 infection in Hong Kong SAR China and Singapore as of March 5, 2020.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Delivery is a challenging event in women’s lives. What happens during childbirth is stressful for most women. Regarding the short and long-term effects of stressors of the delivery ward on childbirth and neona...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Pancreatic cancer patients need effective therapy from the moment of their diagnosis. How best to deploy them, in what order and to which patients is emerging as an important clinical question. Pancreatic cancer subtypes, identifiable with common lab diagnostics in diagnostic biopsy samples, may be helpful in guiding therapy selection.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 16:04
There is limited evidence on whether screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus affects health outcomes. A recent systematic review of randomised clinical trials found only one trial that met their inclusion crite...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Early postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is common and associated with poor postoperative outcomes. Currently, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that addresses the knowledge gap of the incidence ...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Our aim was to summarize and compare relevant recommendations from evidence-based CPGs (EB-CPGs).
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the use and effectiveness of the local administration of tramadol in reducing post-operative pain during surgical interventions.
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
MiR-140 is selectively expressed in cartilage. Deletion of the entire miR-140 locus in mice results in growth retardation and early-onset osteoarthritis-like pathology, however the relative contribution of miR-140-5p or miR-140-3p to the phenotype remains to be determined. An unbiased small RNA sequencing approach identified miR-140-3p as significantly more abundant (>10-fold) than miR-140-5p in human cartilage. Analysis of these data identified multiple miR-140-3p isomiRs differing from the miRBase...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 18:08
The genome of SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 is most closely related to viral metagenomes isolated from bats and, more distantly, pangolins. All are of sarbecoviruses of the genus Betacoronavirus. We have unravelled their recombinational and mutational histories. All showed clear evidence of recombination, most events involving the 3' half of the genomes. The 5' region of their genomes was mostly recombinant free, and a phylogeny calculated from this region confirmed...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Resolving the phylogenies of genera with a history of hybridisation and polyploidisation is difficult. Using genome-wide markers may help resolve the effects of introgressive hybridisation at the diploid level. In the case of polyploid hybrids, identifying and phasing the different parental homeologs is a huge challenge, especially in cases where more than two parental species have been involved. Betula (birches) is such a genus: its phylogeny has not been fully resolved and the parentage of many...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Natural environments are seldom static and therefore it is important to ask how a population adapts in a changing environment. We consider a finite, diploid population evolving in a periodically changing environment and study how the fixation probability of a rare mutant depends on its dominance coefficient and the rate of environmental change. We find that in slowly changing environments, the effect of dominance is the same as in the static environment, that is, if a mutant is beneficial (deleterious)...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
The guppy sex chromosomes show an extraordinary diversity in divergence across populations and closely related species. In order to understand the dynamics of the guppy Y chromosome, we used linked-read sequencing to assess Y chromosome evolution and diversity across upstream and downstream population pairs that vary in predator and food abundance in three replicate watersheds. Based on our population-specific genome assemblies, we first confirmed and extended earlier reports of two strata on the...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
To understand the choice and competition of sites in nature, we consider an ecological environment in a chemostat consisting of a polymorphic microbial population that can float in the fluid or settle down on the wall of the chemostat. For the transition of a microbe from its floating state to its settled state at a particular settling rate involving the choice and competition of sites on the wall, we consider three different mechanisms: (i) unimolecular-Bourgeois settling, i.e., floaters land freely...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Clonal populations of cells continuously evolve new genetic diversity, but it takes a significant amount of time for the progeny of a single cell with a new beneficial mutation to outstrip both its ancestor and competitors to fully dominate a population. If genotypes with these driver mutations can be discovered earlier--while they are still extremely rare--it may be possible to anticipate the future evolution of these populations. For example, one could diagnose the likely course of incipient diseases,...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Building a genotype-phenotype-fitness map of adaptation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. It is notoriously difficult even when the adaptive mutations are known because it is hard to enumerate which phenotypes make these mutations adaptive. We address this problem by first quantifying how the fitness of hundreds of adaptive yeast mutants responds to subtle environmental shifts and then modeling the number of phenotypes they must collectively influence by decomposing these patterns of fitness...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
The ability of interlocus sexual conflict to facilitate reproductive isolation is widely anticipated. However, very few experimental evolutionary studies have convincingly demonstrated the evolution of reproductive isolation due to sexual conflict. Recently a study on replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster under differential sexual conflict found that divergent mate preference evolved among replicate populations under high sexual conflict regime. The precopulatory isolating mechanism underlying...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
DNA sequencing technology has advanced so quickly, identifying key functional regions using evolutionary approaches is required to understand how those genomes work. This research develops a sensitive sequence alignment approach to identify functional constrained non-coding sequences in the Andropogoneae tribe. The grass tribe Andropogoneae contains several crop species descended from a common ancestor ~18 million years ago. Despite broadly similar phenotypes, they have tremendous genomic diversity...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Prokaryote genome evolution is characterized by the frequent gain of genes through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). For a gene, being horizontally transferred can represent a strong change in its genomic and physiological context. If the codon usage of a transferred gene deviates from that of the receiving organism, the fitness benefits it provides can be reduced due to a mismatch with the expression machinery. Consequently, transferred genes with a deviating codon usage can be selected against or...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Oxygenic photosynthesis starts with the oxidation of water to O2, a light-driven reaction catalysed by photosystem II. Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of water oxidation and therefore, it is assumed that relative to the origin of life and bioenergetics, the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis is a late innovation. However, when exactly water oxidation originated remains an unanswered question. Here we use relaxed molecular clocks to compare one of the two ancestral core duplications...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Eco-evolutionary processes may play an important role in the spatial spread of infectious disease. Current theory predicts more exploitative parasites to evolve in highly connected populations or at the front of spreading epidemics. However, many parasites rely on host dispersal to reach new populations. This may lead to conflict between local transmission and global spread, possibly counteracting selection for higher virulence. Here, we used the freshwater host Paramecium caudatum and its bacterial...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
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