Publication date: Available online 1 February 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): J.J. Braun, C. Delmas, A. Charloux, P. Schultz, F. de Blay
IntroductionLa dyskinésie des cordes vocales ou dysfonctionnement des cordes vocales (DCV) est caractérisée par une adduction paradoxale intermittente des cordes vocales à l'origine d'une obstruction fonctionnelle de la glotte, sans atteinte laryngée organique. Elle peut être isolée ou associée à un asthme. Sa physiopathologie complexe demeure mal connue et le diagnostic reste difficile.MéthodesÉtude rétrospective de 15 cas de DCV (8 cas de DCV isolée et 7 cas de DCV avec asthme associé) avec analyse de la symptomatologie clinique et de la méthodologie diagnostique.RésultatsLa symptomatologie associe de façon variable dyspnée laryngée avec stridor, sifflements laryngés, tirage et d'autres signes plus atypiques avec parfois perte de connaissance ou dyspnée aiguë nécessitant intubation, ventilation mécanique voire trachéotomie. Le gold standard diagnostique est l'examen ORL laryngé, tant pour le diagnostic différentiel que pour la mise en évidence de l'adduction paradoxale des cordes vocales lors de l'épisode aigu ou lors d'un test de provocation par exposition aux facteurs déclenchants habituels.ConclusionsLe diagnostic de DCV reste difficile et probablement sous-évalué. Il concerne les médecins urgentistes, les pneumologues et les ORL pour un diagnostic précoce limitant la morbidité et le coût liés aux traitements inutiles et à l'errance diagnostique fréquente.IntroductionVocal cord dyskinesia or vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is characterized by intermittent abnormal adduction of the vocal cords leading to airflow limitation at the level of the larynx, in the absence of local organic disease. It may occur in isolation or in association with asthma. The pathophysiology is complex and poorly understood. Wheeze, stridor or apparent upper airway obstruction are the most common symptoms. It occurs in a wide age range, more commonly in women, and diagnosis is often delayed and leads to unnecessary treatments (intubation, tracheostomy and high dose steroids).MethodsA retrospective study of 15 cases of VCD (8 cases of isolated VCD and 7 cases of VCD with associated asthma) describing the main clinical features and the diagnosis strategy.ResultsApparent upper airway obstruction, with or without associated asthma, requires an ear nose and throat examination with laryngoscopy to confirm the paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords during an acute episode of dyspnoea or during a provocation test with triggers like exercise or exposure to irritants, and for the purpose of differential diagnosis.ConclusionsVCD remains under-appreciated and misdiagnosed, often by mimicking asthma with which it can be associated. A delayed diagnosis by emergency specialists, pulmonologists and ear nose and throat surgeons leads to unnecessary treatments and morbidity before specific therapy can be given.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Dyskinésie des cordes vocales et/ou asthme
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