Publication date: Available online 1 February 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): L. Martinez, J. Demanet, V. Mignaux, F. Dewavrin
IntroductionLe recours à la trachéotomie est fréquent. L'objectif de ce travail est de réaliser une évaluation des pratiques professionnelles, de décrire la population et d'étudier son devenir.MéthodesChaque patient présentant le code CCAM GEPA004 était rétrospectivement inclus.Résultats214 (7 %) patients sous ventilation mécanique invasive étaient trachéotomisés avec un délai médian de 22 (14–28) jours. 95,3 % des trachéotomies étaient chirurgicales. L'âge médian était de 58 (48–67) ans. 83 (38,8 %) trachéotomies étaient réalisées pour indication respiratoire. Le taux de mortalité à 28jours, 90jours et 1 an était respectivement de 4,2 %, 35,5 % et 52,4 %. Les patients trachéotomisés pour cause respiratoire avaient un taux de mortalité plus important. La mortalité en post-réanimation était de 29,8 % et était significativement plus élevée parmi les patients sortis de réanimation canulés. Les caractéristiques, les délais, les modalités de réalisation, l'indication et l'évolution des patients étaient stables au cours des six dernières années.ConclusionLes patients trachéotomisés étaient des patients jeunes principalement trachéotomisés pour sevrage ventilatoire. Plus de la moitié des patients trachéotomisés décédaient à 1 an avec une mortalité plus importante parmi les patients sortant de réanimation canulés.IntroductionTracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure. The aim of this study was to assess professional practice, describe patient characteristics and examine short and long-term outcomes.MethodsAll patients with CCAM GEPA004 code were retrospectively included.ResultsTwo hundred and fourteen (7%) patients who were mecanically ventilated had a tracheostomy performed in intensive care unit (ICU). Median time to tracheostomy was 22 (14–28) days. In total, 95.3% of tracheostomy procedures were surgical. Median age was 58 (48–67) years. Eighty-three (38.8%) tracheostomies were performed for respiratory reasons. Twenty-eight-day and 90-day mortality were 4.2% and 35.5%. One-year mortality was 52.4%. Patients with tracheostomies performed for weaning from mechanical ventilation had a higher mortality rate. After ICU discharge, mortality rate was 29.8% and was higher in non-decannulated patients. Patient characteristics, timing, technique, indication and outcomes were stable over the years.ConclusionYoung patients weaning from mechanical ventilation were more likely to receive a tracheostomy. More than half died during the first year. Patients discharged from ICU with a tracheostomy tube in place had higher mortality rate.
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