Outcome of cranial firearm injuries in civilian population based on a novel classification system Category: Article Type: Farrukh Javeed, Asad Abbas, Lal Rehman, Syed Raza Khairat Rizvi, Ali Afzal, Hafiza Fatima AzizDepartment of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.Department of Neurosurgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.Correspondence...
Primary myxoid temporal bone tumor: A rare neurosurgical manifestation of Carney complex? Category: Article Type: Tobechi Nwankwo Mbadugha, Kohei Kanaya, Tetsuyoshi Horiuchi, Mai Iwaya, Samuel Chukwunonyerem Ohaegbulam, Kazuhiro HongoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Memfys Hospital for Neurosurgery, Onitsha Expressway, Enugu, Nigeria,Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine,...
A sellar neuroblastoma showing rapid growth and causing syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone: A case report Category: Article Type: Muhammad Kamil, Nayuta Higa, Hajime Yonezawa, Shingo Fujio, Jun Sugata, Tomoko Takajo, Tsubasa Hiraki, Junko Hirato, Kazunori Arita, Koji YoshimotoDepartments of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University,...
Paramedian thalamic infarction caused by cisternal drain placement in open clipping for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Two case reports Category: Article Type: Sho Tsunoda, Tomohiro Inoue, Hideaki Ono, Kazuaki Naemura, Atsuya AkabaneDepartment of Neurosurgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Shinagawa, Tokyo,Department of Neurosurgery, Hideaki Ono, Sugita, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan.Correspondence...
Dynamic assessment of internal carotid artery and elongated styloid process in a case of bilateral carotid artery dissection Category: Article Type: Yoshinobu Horio, Kenji Fukuda, Koichi Miki, Noriko Hirao, Mitsutoshi Iwaasa, Hiroshi Abe, Tooru InoueDepartment of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan.DOI:10.25259/SNI_42_2020Copyright:...
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AbstractThere is increasing appreciation that G protein coupled receptors can initiate diverse cellular responses by activating multiple G proteins, arrestins, and other biochemical effectors. Structurally different ligands targeting the same receptor are thought to stabilize the receptor in multiple distinct active conformations such that specific subsets of signaling effectors are engaged at the exclusion of others, creating bias towards a particular outcome, which has been referred to as ligand-induced...
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In a first, a coronavirus vaccine received approval for use by the Chinese military, as the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus worldwide reaching 10 million last week. (Pixabay/)As America dives into summer, the coronavirus is showing no signs of slowing down. The novel virus is continuing to sweep across the nation and the world, with the number of confirmed cases worldwide reaching 10 million last week. Additionally, states that have been slowly reopening their economies, like Texas,...
Advanced coloring books can help fill up your time. (Amazon/)When was the last time you grabbed a box of crayons, opened a coloring book, and let your imagination run wild? These days, there are endless options for coloring books that provide adults with a fun way to explore their creativity. Filled with everything from animals to intricate patterns to pop-culture references, these books have become a revelation and also important relaxation tools. Some really mean it when they call themselves—ahem—“adult,”...
Serious hydration upgrades. (LARQ via Unsplash/)With a smart water bottle, your drink will stay colder longer, and you can track your H2O intake throughout the day. Some are even connected to apps that identify your long-term hydration patterns and allow you to set goals for how much you drink. Smart bottles have a diversity of functions, with some capable of purifying your water or adding nutrients to it. Others can act as bluetooth speakers or tea infusers. Whichever you choose, a smart water bottle...
Backyard fun for all. (Amazon/)The battle against “screen time” only increases during the summer months when everyone has more free time and the temptation to sit in an air conditioned room with a TV or tablet is just oh so strong. So you have to work a little harder to get everyone out into the fresh air. Or, you know, maybe you’re just looking to give that weekend BBQ a little extra dose of flare. Either way, you have to consider some compelling activities.We found some of the most unique, fun,...
Private spaces will have to make up for well-distanced hot desks. But sanitizing will be a constant issue. (Smartworks/Unsplash/)“What will it take to encourage much more widespread reliance on working at home for at least part of each week?” asked Frank Schiff, the chief economist of the US Committee for Economic Development, in The Washington Post in 1979.Four decades on, we have the answer.But COVID-19 doesn’t spell the end of the centralized office predicted by futurists since at least the 1970s.The...
Keep on rollin'. (Callum Shaw via Unsplash/)Skateboarding is an activity that can easily run the gamut from “just buying a plastic board off the shelf” to agonizing over the exact right ball bearings and trucks. The more advanced you get, the more you need to pay attention to the little details like board size, grip tape placement, and, of course, wheel quality.To help skaters find the right gear for everything from downhill speed to empty pool traction, we present the best wheel options we could...
Scientists propose that, rather than being chilly from the start, Pluto enjoyed a relatively balmy period early on in its history. (NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Alex Parker/)Today, the dwarf planet Pluto is a frigid world with surface temperatures below -370 degrees Fahrenheit. But Pluto was a very different place when it formed several billion years ago. In a study published on June 22 in the journal Nature Geoscience, scientists propose that,...
Fans for your desk. (Amazon/)If you’re going to be spending hours and hours of your day at your desk in front of a computer, the least you can do is make the environment as comfortable as possible. You’ve likely got your lamps and your wrist cushions and your ergonomic chairs, but in warm weather (or when the heat is blasting during cold months) you could use a little cool down, too.Finding the right desk fan comes down to a few considerations—how much space you have to work with, your own personal...
Much-needed bright spots. ( Matt Wojtaś via Unsplash/)Long hours working at a desk can cause both mental and physical stress. With the right lighting, you won’t have to strain your eyes, and your endurance will improve significantly. Modern desk lamps are designed to optimize vision, save desk space, and even charge devices. They are energy efficient and aesthetically pleasing, giving a potentially dull workspace a sleek and stylish look. Increase focus and fend off fatigue when studying for an exam...
Ditch Bixby while still keeping Samsung's great hardware. (Daniel Romero / Unsplash/)I’ve been a diehard user of Google’s pure Android phones—like the Nexus and Pixel lines—for years, preferring the unadulterated stock Android experience to the tweaked version manufacturers provide. But Samsung has some of the best hardware you can get today, plus a few handy features that Pixel phones don’t have. Samsung’s powerful processors and great cameras have constantly tempted me to switch and try one of...
Widgets can now occupy different parts of your home screen along with typical app icons. (Stan Horaczek /)Last week, Apple took to the virtual stage at its online Worldwide Developers Conference to announce a variety of upcoming software updates. Since then, I have been using a developer’s beta of the fledgeling operating system update to try out the high profile additions and dig up a few underrated updates.Right now, you can install the early beta as well, but you’ll have to be a part of Apple’s...
For patient RFS (identified by his initials), numbers appear as random squiggles and swirls. (Johns Hopkins University/)The patient known as RFS looks at a number, but all he sees is “spaghetti.”Show him a picture of one circle hovering above another, and he sees two circles. But as soon as the circles get close enough to look like an eight—spaghetti.RFS developed corticobasal syndrome in 2010 at the age of 60, a rare progressive degenerative condition that affects less than one in 100,000 people...
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For years now I have walked every day in my Toronto neighborhood for exercise and chores. Lately, however, in the age of the coronavirus, I have been struck by the transformations in walking. I always feel better in times of crisis with a big slab of social science between me and the problem at hand, and what immediately came to mind was a classic from 1974, “Notes on the Art of Walking” by ethnomethodologists A. Lincoln Ryave and James N. Schenkein. They analyzed the unsaid and often unthought of...
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Opinion statement Osteosarcomas (OS) belong to a large family of mesenchymal tumor entities which exhibit heterogenous histological, genetic, and molecular features. Current OS treatment regimen consists of the combination of surgery and intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. Ever since the introduction of chemotherapy, 5-year survival rate among OS patients has improved to 60–75%. However, 30–35% of OS patients are associated with pulmonary metastasis and relapse, which have significantly...
Opinion statement The standard of care first-line therapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers eligible for treatment continues to be the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin. Based on the promising results of a phase II study, an ongoing multi-institutional phase III study is assessing the benefit of adding nab-paclitaxel to the chemotherapy doublet, and appropriate patients should be considered for enrollment at participating centers. We would recommend early...
Opinion statement Metastatic (and locally advanced) pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDA) represents a major challenge for the oncology community given the rising mortality burden from the disease and the preponderance of patients diagnosed with unresectable disease. Although systemic therapies have become more potent with the development of fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatments, the median overall survival...
Opinion statement In March 2019, the FDA approved the use of the anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody atezolizumab, as a first-line treatment option in combination with platinum-etoposide (PE) for patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ED SCLC) based upon the results of the IMpower133 trial. More recently, the FDA approved the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab in March 2020 , also in the frontline setting for SCLC based upon the results of the CASPIAN...
Opinion statement Epigenetic mutations are frequent and pathogenic in select subtypes of lymphoma, and agents modulating DNA and histone methylation—such as inhibitors of DNMT and EZH2, respectively—have demonstrated promise in treating these diseases. In particular, lymphomas derived from the germinal center—GC-DLBCL, FL, and AITL—are all characterized by epigenetic derangements. In an effort to target these derangements, DNMT inhibitors have been investigated as a means of...
Opinion statement Relapse is still a common scenario in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment and occurs in 40–50% of younger and the great majority of elderly patients. The prognosis in relapsed AML patients is generally poor but depends largely on the timing of relapse (early versus late) and the possibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). At the time of relapse, we again perform a mutational screening and cytogenetic analysis in all AML patients...
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Long-term retention with fixed retainers with a high success rate seems to be a reasonable solution to minimize or prohibit relapse of orthodontic treatment.
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The effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in improving outcomes remains debatable for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with pathological intermediate-risk factors (IRFs) after surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 432 intermediate-risk OSCC patients defined by histological reporting of close margin (<5mm), early nodal disease (pN1), depth of invasion/tumour thickness ≥5mm, perineural invasion, and/or lymphovascular invasion. Outcomes measured were disease-free...
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a well-known complication that, in the majority of cases, is related to antiresorptive agents. Numerous articles have described cases of MRONJ in bisphosphonate-naïve patients treated with anti-angiogenic agents administered via various routes. A single case of MRONJ after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab has been reported. We report a case of MRONJ after intravitreal injection of a different anti-angiogenic agent – ranibizumab – for the...
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Aberrant origin of the subclavian artery (SCA) is a well-known vascular anomaly as part of congenital heart diseases with the left subclavian artery (LSCA) being more frequently affected than the right subclavian artery (RSCA). Complete isolation of the SCA is an even more infrequent aortic arch anomaly, occurring in less than 1% for the LSCA and even less for the RSCA. Isolation of the RSCA in patients with d-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is even scanter with only a hand full of cases...
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Background. Human norovirus (NoV) is an etiological agent associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in both children and adults worldwide. However, very few studies have been reported on the prevalence and genetic diversity of NoV strains in children older than 5 years of age and adults with little or inadequate water and sanitation conditions. Objectives. The aim of this study was assessing the prevalence of the human norovirus in older children and adults suffering with diarrhoea from rural communities...
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Publication date: September 2020Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 31Author(s): Eduardo Quintão Manhanini Souza, Tiago Esgalha da Rocha, Luan Felipe Toro, Isabella Zacarin Guiati, Edilson Ervolino, Valdir Gouveia Garcia, Mark Wainwright, Letícia Helena Theodoro
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Retinal prostheses promise the restoration of vision to people with age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and other conditions that lead to the loss of functional photoreceptors. A number of technologies are already in existence that mimic the functionality of the retina by stimulating the inner retinal network, but most of these rely on wearable cameras, special glasses, computers, and wiring to interface with the eye. Moreover, the results are highly lacking and the achieved...
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center in The Netherlands have developed a new AI algorithm for detecting diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The algorithm’s iterative approach identifies greater lesions than non-iterative approaches, and boosts specificity by approximately 10%, with diagnostic accuracy of about 80%. The algorithm annotates images to depict which lesions it finds concerning, helping guide physician decision-making. Machine learning systems...
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Abstract Purpose Therapeutic intervention at glioblastoma (GBM) progression, as defined by current assessment criteria, is arguably too late as second-line therapies fail to extend survival. Still, most GBM trials target recurrent disease. We propose integration of a novel imaging biomarker to more confidently and promptly define progression and propose a critical timepoint for earlier intervention to extend therapeutic exposure. ...
Abstract Purpose Both laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and bevacizumab have been used successfully to treat radiation necrosis (RN) after radiation for brain metastases. Our purpose is to compare pre-treatment patient characteristics and outcomes between the two treatment options. Methods Single-institution retrospective chart review identified...
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Publication date: Available online 29 June 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Qiwen Zheng, Yujia Ma, Si Chen, Qianzi Che, Zechen Zhou, Dafang Chen
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Το ποσοστό των νοσηλευομένων καπνιστών ασθενών με Covid-19 είναι τρεις έως τέσσερις φορές χαμηλότερο από το ποσοστό των καπνιστών στο γενικό πληθυσμό. Από την άλλη, οι λίγοι καπνιστές που καταλήγουν στο νοσοκομείο, έχουν 53% έως 59% μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα να έχουν σοβαρή νόσο Covid-19 και κακή έκβαση. Αυτά είναι τα βασικά συμπεράσματα μιας νέας μελέτης που δημοσιεύθηκε στο διεθνές ιατρικό περιοδικό «Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease» και η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε από ερευνητές από το Τμήμα Φαρμακευτικής...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 17:16
Τρία νέα συμπτώματα της νόσου Covid- 19 ανακοίνωσε το Κέντρο Ελέγχου και Πρόληψης Ασθενειών των ΗΠΑ (CDC) την ώρα που στη χώρα του Ντόναλντ Τραμπ τα κρούσματα αγγίζουν τα 3,5 εκατομμύρια. Βάζοντας στο μικροσκόπιο τα συμπτώματα που ο ασθενής καλείται να αντιμετωπίσει, αν προβληθεί από τον ιό, το Κέντρο (CDC) ανέφερε σε νέα έκθεση ότι στη λίστα των συμπτωμάτων έχουν προστεθεί άλλα τρία: Ναυτία, διάρροια και ρινική καταρροή. Αυτά συμπληρώνουν μια μεγάλη λίστα, συμπεριλαμβανομένων απώλεια γεύσης ή...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 13:54
Έχετε προβλήματα με τον ύπνο; Τότε δεν έχετε παρά να μοιραστείτε το κρεβάτι σας. Είτε πρόκειται για μόνιμο ή προσωρινό σύντροφο, νέα μελέτη κατέληξε πως αυτός είναι το τρόπος βελτίωσης του ύπνου REM (rapid eye movement, η φάση των γρήγορων οφθαλμικών κινήσεων), ενός από τα σημαντικότερα στάδια του ύπνου, απαραίτητο για την εμπέδωση των αναμνήσεων, τη ρύθμιση των συναισθημάτων και την ικανότητα να ονειρευόμαστε. (Τα προηγούμενα στάδια του ύπνου περιλαμβάνουν το πρώτο με τον αρχικό ελαφρύ ύπνο, ενώ...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 13:01
Νέα μελέτη ερευνητών από τα Πανεπιστήμια του Σικάγο και της Καλιφόρνια δείχνει ότι οι γυναίκες λαμβάνουν υψηλότερες δόσεις φαρμακευτικής αγωγής από όσα χρειάζεται –και άρα υφίστανται εντονότερες παρενέργειες- επειδή οι δοσολογίες των φαρμάκων υπολογίζονται βάσει μελετών που πραγματοποιούνται κατά κύριο λόγο σε άνδρες. «Τα φάρμακα αυτά έχουν βελτιστοποιηθεί εξαρχής για να λειτουργούν στο ανδρικό σώμα. Πρέπει να επαναξιολογήσουμε άμεσα την ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενη πρακτική συνταγογράφησης της ίδιας...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 12:45
Τα αντικαταθλιπτικά δεν είναι αθώα χάπια που μπορούμε να τα παίρνουμε όπως θα παίρναμε χωρίς δεύτερη σκέψη ένα παυσίπονο επειδή π.χ. έχουμε πονοκέφαλο. Ούτε αποτελούν τη γρήγορη λύση για κάποιον που βιώνει δυσκολίες, όσο και αν η λήψη τους φαντάζει ελκυστική. «Τα αντικαταθλιπτικά δεν είναι πανάκεια» τονίζει η Δρ. Jane Erb, ψυχίατρος, καθηγήτρια ψυχιατρικής στην Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Harvard και διευθύντρια του προγράμματος Συμπεριφορικής Υγείας στο Πρόγραμμα Πρωτοβάθμιας Φροντίδας στο...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 12:35
Είκοσι εννέα κορυφαίοι διεθνείς εταίροι από το κοινωνικό σύνολο, τα πανεπιστήμια και τη βιομηχανία έχουν ενώσει τις δυνάμεις τους για να κατανοήσουν καλύτερα την παχυσαρκία και να βελτιστοποιήσουν τις μελλοντικές θεραπευτικές επιλογές της. Η παχυσαρκία είναι μια παγκόσμια πανδημία που πλήττει σήμερα περίπου 150 εκατομμύρια άτομα στην Ευρώπη και 650 εκατομμύρια άτομα παγκοσμίως.1 Οι επιπλοκές της παχυσαρκίας είναι συχνές, αλλά δεν μπορούμε ακόμη να προβλέψουμε ποιος ασθενής θα αναπτύξει οποιαδήποτε...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 12:18
Οι επιστήμονες κατάφεραν να δημιουργήσουν λειτουργικές ανθρώπινες τρίχες στο εργαστήριο και να τις εμφυτεύσουν στο δέρμα τρωκτικών ανοίγοντας έτσι το πεδίο για μια νέα θεραπεία που θα μπορεί κάποια μέρα να συμβάλει στην πρόληψη της τριχόπτωσης, σύμφωνα με μελέτη που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Nature. Όπως αναφέρεται στη σχετική δημοσίευση, τα οργανοειδή είναι μικρές κυτταρικές ομάδες που αναπτύχθηκαν στο εργαστήριο και σχεδιάστηκαν για να αποτελέσουν μοντέλα των πραγματικών οργάνων του ανθρώπινου σώματος...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 12:11
Τα κατάγματα της Αυχενικής Μοίρας της Σπονδυλικής Στήλης (ΑΜΣΣ) είναι κακώσεις πολύ σοβαρές, ορισμένες φορές απειλητικές για τη ζωή, επισείουν καταστροφικές για τον ασθενή επιπλοκές, ενώ χρήζουν εξειδικευμένης αντιμετώπισης προκειμένου να αποκατασταθούν χειρουργικά. Συγκεκριμένα, τα κατάγματα του οδόντα του Α2 σπονδύλου είναι κατάγματα ως επί το πλείστον ασταθή. Ο οδόντας αποτελεί προβολή του σώματος του Α2 σπονδύλου κεφαλικά, εντός του πρόσθιου τμήματος του Α1, και άξονα περιστροφής της κεφαλής...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 11:41
Η παιδική παχυσαρκία αποτελεί μείζον πρόβλημα παγκοσμίως και αφορά 38 εκατομμύρια παιδιά κάτω των πέντε ετών, σύμφωνα με την ετήσια έκθεση του Παγκόσμιου Οργανισμού Υγείας για το 2019. Ο παιδικός ύπνος έχει συνδεθεί άμεσα με την εμφάνιση και εξέλιξη της νόσου, με παλαιότερες έρευνες να υποδεικνύουν την έλλειψη ή κακή ποιότητά του ως βασικό παράγοντα, εστιάζοντας στην «κακή συνήθεια» τα παιδιά να κοιμούνται αργά το βράδυ. Ωστόσο, το τοπίο φαίνεται πως ξεκαθαρίζει νέα έρευνα από το Τμήμα Ιατρικής...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 08:50
Είναι γνωστό πως κατά την έντονη σωματική δραστηριότητα ο οργανισμός καίει θερμίδες για να παράγει ενέργεια αρκετή ώστε να ανταποκριθεί στις αυξημένες ανάγκες του. Είναι όμως η καύση αυτή επαρκής για να καταναλώσουμε μετά την άσκηση αναψυκτικά και σνακ πλούσια σε θερμίδες; Τα ευρήματα μια νέας έρευνας που δημοσιεύτηκε στο American Journal of Health Behavior, φαίνεται πως δίνουν μια απάντηση, η οποία μάλλον θα απογοητεύσει όσους συνηθίζουν να καταναλώνουν άφοβα θερμίδες, εφησυχασμένοι από την προπόνησης...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 08:40
Η εκπαίδευση φαίνεται πως προστατεύει τους γηραιότερους ενήλικες, και ιδίως τις γυναίκες, από την απώλεια μνήμης, σύμφωνα με μια μελέτη ερευνητών από το Ιατρικό Κέντρο του Πανεπιστημίου της Georgetown που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. Πιο αναλυτικά, τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι τα παιδιά –κυρίως τα κορίτσια- που πηγαίνουν στο σχολείο για μεγαλύτερο χρονικό διάστημα θα έχουν πιο γερή μνήμη σε μεγάλη ηλικία, πράγμα που μπορεί να περιορίσει την απώλεια μνήμης στη νόσο Αλτσχάιμερ...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 08:20
Μεγαλύτερη προσκόλληση σε μια ποικιλία υγιεινών διατροφικών συνηθειών σχετίστηκε με χαμηλότερο κίνδυνο καρδιαγγειακών παθήσεων σε μια νέα μελέτη της οποίας ηγήθηκαν επιστήμονες από την Ιατρική Σχολή T.H. Chan του Πανεπιστημίου Χάρβαρντ. Τα ευρήματα, που δημοσιεύθηκαν στο JAMA Internal Medicine, στηρίζουν τις Διατροφικές Οδηγίες 2015-2020 της Αμερικής, οι οποίες επικεντρώνονται περισσότερο στις υγιεινές διατροφικές συνήθειες παρά στα μεμονωμένα υλικά και θρεπτικά συστατικά, ώστε να λαμβάνουν καλύτερα...
Mon Jun 29, 2020 08:00
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