Uncovering stability of DC‐SIGN glycoforms with native mass spectrometry : A combined strategy of exoglycosidase sequencing, native mass spectrometry, ion mobility, and gas‐phase unfolding uncovered the occupancy and structural detail of O‐glycans present on the carbohydrate binding domain of DC‐SIGN. Collision‐induced unfolding by ion mobility revealed differences in stability among glycoforms, independent of glycoprotein mass. Abstract The immune scavenger protein DC‐SIGN interacts with...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 15:21
Organic BF 2 complexes exhibit characteristics such as large Stokes shift, high quantum yield, strong emission intensity, and robust chemical stability, thereby being extensively used in various applications. Herein, we disclose a novel copper‐catalyzed cascade C–H activation/acyloxylation and difluoroboronation of 2‐phenylpyridine derivatives, thus providing a straightforward and rapid gateway to a series of N,O‐bidentate organic BF 2 complexes with excellent photophysical properties. Mechanism...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 14:43
Achieving control over the size distribution of metal organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles is key to biomedical applications and seeding techniques. Electrochemical control over the nanoparticle synthesis of the MOF, HKUST‐1, is achieved using a nanopipette injection method to locally mix Cu 2+ salt precursor and benzene tricarboxylate (BTC 3‐ ) ligand reagents, form MOF nanocrystals, and collect and characterise them on a TEM grid. In situ analysis of the size and translocation frequency of...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 13:43
Nanocrystals and nanosheets of 2D layered Cs3Bi2I6Cl3 were synthesized by a solution‐phase method. Super‐resolved fluorescence microscopy depicts the localized blinking nature of the nanocrystals and nanosheets. Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) lead‐free halide perovskites have generated enormous perception in the field of optoelectronics due to their fascinating optical properties. However, an in‐depth understanding on their shape‐controlled charge‐carrier recombination dynamics is still...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:33
A long and productive life : A non‐aqueous zinc–organic battery was assembled that solves the common problems of H2 evolution and dendrite formation at the anode and structural collapse of the cathode at the same time. The battery exhibited an ultralong lifetime of more than 20 000 cycles with negligible capacity fading, as well as excellent rate capability (see picture). It could even be operated in a wide temperature range from −70 to 150 °C. Abstract Aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries have...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:33
“The most exciting thing about my research is the potential opportunity of finding previously unknown or misunderstood truths. … My greatest achievement is … the one to come .” Find out more about Jianlin Shi in his Author Profile.
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:32
A better way to polymer semiconductors : Distannylated electron‐deficient bithiophene imide (BTI‐Tin) leads to acceptor–acceptor type polymers, including both homopolymers and copolymers, with high molecular weights. When applied in organic electronic devices, the polymers synthesized from BTI‐Tin show greatly improved device performance over analogue polymers synthesized from the dibrominated monomers. Abstract A distannylated electron‐deficient bithiophene imide (BTI‐Tin) monomer was...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:32
Towards emergence of life : A domino sequence of events starts from traces of an enzyme triggering peptide generation, which is followed by self‐assembly into catalytic nanofibers that can induce and amplify their own production over time. This self‐sustained cycle leads to an autocatalytic self‐assembled buildup of a hydrogel. Abstract Autocatalysis and self‐assembly are key processes in developmental biology and are involved in the emergence of life. In the last decade both of these features...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:32
Alloy formation between Pd and Zn enables a new catalytic pathway to generate high‐value compounds selectively from renewable ethanol, as reported by K. K. Ramasamy et al. in their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20200525610.1002/anie.202005256). The key reaction steps for the direct catalytic conversion of ethanol to C5+ ketones are the in‐situ generation of the acetone intermediate and the cross‐aldol condensation between the reaction intermediates acetaldehyde and acetone....
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:31
Imaging the electrocatalytic process : The cobalt‐phthalocyanine‐catalyzed CO2 reduction reaction is investigated by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy at the molecular scale. The molecular processes of the reaction, including the reduction of CoII, the binding of CO2, and the subsequent process, are revealed. Abstract We report a molecular investigation of a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)‐catalyzed CO2 reduction reaction by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM)....
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:31
Asymmetric triplex metallohelices can be conjugated with sugars using post‐assembly CuAAC chemistry, to give optically pure architectures with anti‐cancer activity and marked selectivity with respect to non‐cancerous cell lines. Glucose‐appended structures exhibit improved nuclear uptake in vitro and supress tumour growth in vivo. Abstract Monosaccharides are added to the hydrophilic face of a self‐assembled asymmetric FeII metallohelix, using CuAAC chemistry. The sixteen resulting architectures...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:30
Metalation of functionalized (hetero)arenes with KDA (potassium diisopropylamide)/TMEDA was performed using a commercial continuous flow set‐up leading to the corresponding potassium organometallics. In their Communication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20200339210.1002/anie.202003392), P. Knochel et al. show that trapping with various electrophiles gives polyfunctionalized (hetero)aromatics in good yields. The flow procedure was extended to the lateral metalation of methyl‐substituted (hetero)arenes...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:30
CRISPR‐dCas9 systems precisely activated with cell‐specific information improve abilities to develop smart sensors or therapeutic strategies. We report the first development of an activatable dCas9 transcriptional circuit that enables sensing and silencing of mRNA in living cells using hybridization‐mediated structure switching for gRNA activation. The gRNA is designed with the spacer sequence blocked by a hairpin structure, and mRNA hybridization induces gRNA structure switching and activates transcription...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 12:14
In common with other hindered structures containing two aromatic rings linked by a short tether, diarylamines may exhibit atropisomerism (chirality due to restricted rotation). Previous examples have principally been tertiary amines, especially those with cyclic scaffolds. Little is known of the structural requirement for atropisomerism in structurally simpler secondary and acyclic diarylamines. In this paper we describe a systematic study of a series of acyclic secondary diarylamines, and we quantify...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 11:44
Background Timely and efficient diagnostic workup of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is challenging. This observational study describes the implementation of an optimized multidisciplinary oncological diagnostic workup for patients with HNC and its impact on diagnostic and treatment intervals, survival, costs, and patient satisfaction. Methods All patients with newly diagnosed HNC who underwent staging and treatment at the Radboud University Medical Center were included. Conventional...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 20:18
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize best practices in facial nerve management for patients with head and neck cancer. In addition, we provide a review of recent literature on novel innovations and techniques in facial reanimation surgery. Recent findings Although recommended when tumor ablation surgery requires facial nerve sacrifice, facial reanimation procedures are not always performed. Concurrent dynamic facial reanimation with masseteric nerve transfers and cable...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review Leonardo Da Vinci possessed one of humanity's greatest minds, known for exploring the boundaries of art and science. The discipline of facial plastic surgery also relies on art and science for its advancement. This review focuses on key elements of Leonardo Da Vinci's work, and how they relate to concepts within facial plastic surgery. Recent findings Leonardo Da Vinci was a self-taught creative genius. Common themes that permeated his art were those of proportion, perspective,...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review To provide an overview of recently published articles covering melanoma management of the head and neck region. Recent findings Melanoma management represents a rapidly evolving field. The advent of immunotherapy has led to significant changes in diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance for these patients. Invasive interventions including completion lymph node dissection have been largely replaced with increased surveillance driven by robust data showing no significant difference...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review Esthetic cranioplasty is an important part of facial feminization surgery. Additionally, it is an often underappreciated procedure for facial beautification. This chapter reviews current trends in esthetic cranioplasty for transgender women and others. Valuable techniques and innovations that do not advance the field are reviewed. Recent findings Although promoted in recent literature, among the key concepts discussed in this review are the limitations of cutting guides,...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review The aim of this article is to review the recent literature on orthognathic surgery for treatment of malocclusion and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The discussion outlines the refinements of the procedure and advances in technology. Recent findings Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) may be performed for complex malocclusion and OSA. Although orthodontic management followed by MMA has been the gold standard in managing complex cases, the surgery first approach for treatment...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review Cleft lip with or without palate is one of the most common pediatric birth anomalies. Patients with cleft palate often have speech difficulties from underlying anatomical defects that can persist after surgery. This significantly impacts child development. There is a lack of evidence exploring, which surgical techniques optimize speech outcomes. The purpose of this update is to report on recent literature investigating how to optimize speech outcomes for cleft palate. Recent...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review Multiple successful techniques and approaches for nasal septal perforation repair have been described, yet consistency in perforation and outcome metrics is required to identify the optimal approach to repair. The present article will review the recent literature. Recent findings Computational fluid dynamic studies continue to expand our understanding of the airflow dynamics in nasal septal perforation and after repair. Combining rhinoplasty and nasal septal perforation...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review Evidence-based medicine underpins clinical practice. Ideally, our clinical decision-making stems from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. However, in practice, this is not often the case, and we must instead rely on the best available evidence. Recent findings We review the history of evidence-based research, the development of the levels of evidence, and the relationship of evidence and bias present in craniomaxillofacial surgery. We also discuss the recent...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review To present criteria of minimally invasive surgery, which include minimal and hidden incision lines, reduced injury to tissue and application of endoscopic techniques, when feasible; to analyze techniques in rhinoplasty for their minimally invasive character – in light of recent publications; and to discuss the techniques that best meet the criteria of minimally invasive surgery. Recent findings The nose consists of about 60 percent soft tissue and 40 percent skeletal elements....
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review Ballistic trauma represents a small proportion of injuries to the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) region, even in societies where the availability of firearms is more prevalent. The aim of this article is to review current opinion in the assessment and management of ballistic injuries sequentially from primary survey to definitive reconstruction. Recent findings For mandibular fractures because of ballistic trauma, load-bearing fixation remains the mainstay in the treatment. The...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, referred to as COVID-19, has spread throughout the globe since its first case in China in December 2019, leaving a significant number of people infected and clinically ill. The purpose of this review is to provide the current known clinical characteristics of and management for COVID-19 as it relates to otolaryngology. Recent findings COVID-19 is a highly transmissible respiratory disease with common presenting symptoms of fever, cough,...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to provide an update on current practice and trends in fat graft surgery. The present review covers postoperative fat graft survival and phases, recipient bed and fat tissue enrichment issues, the spectrum of clinical applications in the cleft-craniofacial field, surgical techniques, and predictive factors for different outcomes. Recent findings Current investigations have led to a better understanding of fat graft survival and postoperative...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:18
Abstract Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS) ─also termed as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)─ is a potentially lethal inflammatory disease associated with human herpesvirus (HHV) reactivation. DiHS/DRESS is classified within a group of syndromes named severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. SCARs are delayed type IV hypersensitivity reactions mainly...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 19:18
Objectives Oral corticosteroid (OCS) as a part of appropriate medical therapy (AMT) (formerly maximal medical therapy) in chronic rhinosinusitis remains controversial. While the risks of OCS are well known, the benefit remains unclear due the absence of a standardized prescribing regimen. Consequently, it is difficult to characterize whether the risks of OCS and its ability to avert endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are helpful in AMT. When OCS is highly effective at averting surgery, the lesser risks...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:49
Tue Jul 07, 2020 17:46
Background: Sex-biased gene expression, particularly male-biased expression in the gonad, has often been linked to rapid protein sequence evolution (dN/dS) in animals. This evolutionary trend may arise from one or both of sexual selection pressures during mating or low pleiotropy. In insects, research on sex-biased transcription and dN/dS remains largely focused on a few holometabolous species, with variable findings on male and female gonadal effects. The brain is central to the mating process,...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Rapid phenotypic adaptation is often observed in natural populations and selection experiments. However, detecting the genome-wide impact of this selection is difficult, since adaptation often proceeds from standing variation and selection on polygenic traits, both of which may leave faint genomic signals indistinguishable from a noisy background of genetic drift. One promising signal comes from the genome-wide covariance between allele frequency changes observable from temporal genomic data, e.g....
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Malaria has plausibly been the single strongest selective pressure on our species. Many of the best-characterized cases of adaptive evolution in humans are in genes tied to malaria resistance. However, the complex evolutionary patterns at these genes are poorly captured by standard scans for non-neutral evolution. Here we present three new statistical tests for selection based on population genetic patterns that are observed more than once among key malaria resistance loci. We assess these tests...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Division of labour, where cooperating individuals specialise to perform complementary tasks, plays a fundamental role at all levels of biological complexity, from genes to complex animal societies. Different labour-dividing species employ different mechanisms to determine how tasks are allocated between individuals, including coordinated, random, and genetic determination of phenotype (caste). It is not clear if this diversity is adaptive-- arising because different mechanisms are favoured in different...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Despite reproducing without sexual recombination, the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is adaptive and versatile. Indeed, this species displays a global distribution, is able to parasitize a large range of plants and can overcome plant resistance in a few generations. The mechanisms underlying this adaptability without sex remain poorly known and only low variation at the single nucleotide polymorphism level have been observed so far across different geographical isolates with distinct ranges...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 03:00
Abstract Robot-assisted technologies are overcoming the limitations of the current approaches for transoral surgeries, which are suffering from limited vision and workspace. As a result, we develop a novel teleoperated parallel continuum robot with variable stiffness for collision avoidance. This paper focuses on the feasibility study on a cadaveric model for the robotic system as a first trial. We introduce the configuration of the robotic system, the description of the processes...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 03:00
Abstract Reported median overall survival (mOS) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients participating in systemic therapy trials has increased to over 30 months. It is uncertain whether trial results translate to real‐life populations. Moreover, patients prefer presentation of multiple survival scenarios. Population‐based data of all stage IV CRC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, which has a case ascertainment completeness surpassing...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 20:58
Abstract Utility of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II cancer is still a matter of debate. Clinical guidelines suggest adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II tumors with high‐risk features, in particular T4 tumors. However, limited consensus exists regarding the importance of other high risk features (lymphovascular or perineural invasion, microsatellite instability). This study aimed to investigate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IIA (T3N0) colon cancer patients. Patients who underwent...
Tue Jul 07, 2020 20:58
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